Murayama Yasuto
Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, 411-8540, Japan.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2025 Apr;93:102464. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102464. Epub 2025 Jan 28.
Faithful chromosome segregation in eukaryotes relies on physical cohesion between newly duplicated sister chromatids. Cohesin is a ring-shaped ATPase assembly that mediates sister chromatid cohesion through its ability to topologically entrap DNA. Cohesin, assisted by several regulatory proteins, binds to DNA prior to DNA replication and then holds two sister DNAs together when it encounters the replication machinery. Cohesion establishment further requires cohesin acetylation, which confers near eternal stability on chromatin-bound cohesin until the onset of chromosome segregation. In addition to a wealth of experimental evidence from cellular studies, recent advances in reconstitution approaches are now beginning to unravel the biochemical properties of cohesin that underlie its function in sister chromatid cohesion. This review summarizes recent insights into the mechanism of cohesion establishment.
真核生物中染色体的忠实分离依赖于新复制的姐妹染色单体之间的物理黏连。黏连蛋白是一种环状ATP酶组装体，通过其拓扑捕获DNA的能力介导姐妹染色单体黏连。在几种调控蛋白的协助下，黏连蛋白在DNA复制之前与DNA结合，然后在遇到复制机制时将两条姐妹DNA链维系在一起。黏连的建立还需要黏连蛋白乙酰化，这赋予了与染色质结合的黏连蛋白近乎永久的稳定性，直至染色体分离开始。除了来自细胞研究的大量实验证据外，重组方法的最新进展现在开始揭示黏连蛋白在姐妹染色单体黏连中发挥作用的生化特性。本综述总结了对黏连建立机制的最新见解。
