Ashrafian Fatemeh, Salehi-Vaziri Mostafa, Mostafavi Ehsan, Maghsoudi Saiedeh Haji, Dahmardeh Sarah, Bavand Anahita, Moradi Ladan, Tajmehrabi Namini Parinaz, Zali Mahsan, Tahmasebi Zahra, Sadat Larijani Mona, Ramezani Amitis
Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No 69, Pasteur Ave., Tehran, Iran.
Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
J Infect Public Health. 2025 Mar;18(3):102676. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102676. Epub 2025 Jan 19.
Given the limited available data about to the number of vaccine doses administered over an extended time in Iran, the immune status of vaccinated individuals and any potential disparities in this regard among those who received different numbers of vaccine doses remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess humoral immunity of individuals who received different doses of the COVID-19 vaccines in Iran.
This study was conducted from February, 2022 to December 2023 including 605 vaccinated subjects. The durability of anti-spike, anti-nucleocapsid (NCP), neutralizing antibody, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was evaluated at least 6 months after the last vaccination, as well as 60 and 120 days after it, in individuals who received two or three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore, the evaluation of humoral and cellular response was performed before the fourth dose (second booster) as well as 21 and 60 days thereafter.
The 3-dose group showed significantly higher levels of anti-spike, neutralizing antibodies, and IFN-γ compared to the 2-dose group. Both the 2-dose and 3-dose groups experienced a slight decrease in the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 Abs, though the associated levels remained within a positive range. After receiving the fourth dose of PastoCovac, most participants had significantly high levels of anti-spike, neutralizing antibodies, and IFN-γ, regardless of the type of three-dose regimen they had previously received. The average antibody titer decreased after 60 days from the fourth dose, but remained relatively stable during the follow-up period.
This study found that the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and IFN-γ, as well as their durability, were still within a positive range in 2-dose and 3-dose vaccinated groups over the long-term follow-up. Furthermore, PastoCovac vaccine enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses and could be recommended as a booster dose for individuals previously vaccinated with any previously administered COVID-19 vaccine.
鉴于伊朗在较长时间内接种疫苗剂量数量的可用数据有限，接种疫苗个体的免疫状态以及在接受不同剂量疫苗的人群中这方面的任何潜在差异仍不清楚。因此，本研究旨在评估伊朗接受不同剂量新冠疫苗个体的体液免疫。
本研究于2022年2月至2023年12月进行，纳入605名接种疫苗的受试者。在接受两剂或三剂新冠疫苗的个体中，在最后一次接种后至少6个月以及接种后60天和120天评估抗刺突蛋白、抗核衣壳（NCP）、中和抗体和干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）的持久性。此外，在第四剂（第二次加强针）之前以及之后21天和60天进行体液和细胞反应评估。
与两剂组相比，三剂组的抗刺突蛋白、中和抗体和IFN-γ水平显著更高。两剂组和三剂组的SARS-CoV-2抗体动态均略有下降，尽管相关水平仍处于阳性范围内。在接种第四剂PastoCovac后，大多数参与者的抗刺突蛋白、中和抗体和IFN-γ水平显著升高，无论他们之前接受的三剂方案类型如何。第四剂接种60天后平均抗体滴度下降，但在随访期间保持相对稳定。
本研究发现，在长期随访中，两剂和三剂接种组的抗SARS-CoV-2抗体和IFN-γ水平及其持久性仍处于阳性范围内。此外，PastoCovac疫苗增强了体液和细胞免疫反应，可推荐作为先前接种过任何新冠疫苗个体的加强针。
