Ig Franco, Ar Souza, Im Costa, Gh Julião, Bb Oliveira, Hml Nishimura, Cjx Abimussi, Bp Floriano
University Center of Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil.
Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
Top Companion Anim Med. 2025 Mar-Apr;65:100959. doi: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100959. Epub 2025 Jan 27.
Few studies today address trans-operative analgesia provided by tramadol without local anesthetics for intra-abdominal procedures. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of trans-operative analgesia provided by epidurally administered tramadol in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. For this purpose, 16 healthy queens were randomly assigned to participate in one of two groups: GC, control group, 0.9% NaCl at 0.3 mL/kg; and GT, tramadol group, tramadol 1 mg/kg in saline to the same final volume. Subjects received premedication with ketamine, xylazine and morphine and were anesthetized and maintained with a propofol infusion at 0.4-0.8 mg/kg/min until the end of surgery. Variables heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (F) and systolic blood pressure (SAP) were recorded before epidural injection (TB), 5 minutes after epidural injection (TAE), at surgical incision of the skin (TSI), at clamping of the first ovarian pedicle (TP1), at clamping of the second pedicle (TP2), at clamping of the uterine stump (TU), at the beginning of abdominal cavity closure (TC) and at the final suture of the skin (TFS). A bolus of fentanyl 2 μg/kg was administered IV in case of a 20% increase of physiologic variables during these times. At the end of the study, data was analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey test. The number of fentanyl boluses was compared between groups using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn test. All analyses were performed under 5% significance. There were no significant differences in HR, F and SAP between groups. Only a mild difference was seen in HR in GT at times MP1, MP2, MU and MC compared to baseline (before epidural injections). There were no differences in number of fentanyl boluses between groups, with median (range) of 3 (1-5) in GC and 3 (1-4) in GT. In conclusion, tramadol given epidurally to cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy does not provide reliable intraoperative analgesia, and therefore other strategies are necessary to ensure intraoperative analgesia of healthy cats during elective ovariohysterectomy.
如今，很少有研究探讨曲马多在无局部麻醉剂的情况下为腹部手术提供术中镇痛的效果。本研究的目的是评估硬膜外给予曲马多对接受择期卵巢子宫切除术的猫提供术中镇痛的疗效。为此，将16只健康母猫随机分为两组之一：GC组为对照组，给予0.9%氯化钠溶液，剂量为0.3 mL/kg；GT组为曲马多组，给予1 mg/kg曲马多溶于生理盐水，最终体积相同。所有受试动物均预先使用氯胺酮、赛拉嗪和吗啡进行预处理，然后通过输注丙泊酚，剂量为0.4 - 0.8 mg/kg/min进行麻醉并维持至手术结束。记录硬膜外注射前（TB）、硬膜外注射后5分钟（TAE）、皮肤手术切口时（TSI）、夹住第一个卵巢蒂时（TP1）、夹住第二个蒂时（TP2）、夹住子宫残端时（TU）、腹腔开始关闭时（TC）以及皮肤最终缝合时（TFS）的心率（HR）、呼吸频率（F）和收缩压（SAP）等变量。如果在这些时间段内生理变量增加20%，则静脉注射2 μg/kg的芬太尼推注。在研究结束时，使用重复测量方差分析，随后进行Tukey检验来分析数据。使用Kruskal - Wallis检验，随后进行Dunn检验来比较两组之间芬太尼推注的次数。所有分析均在5%的显著性水平下进行。两组之间的HR、F和SAP没有显著差异。与基线（硬膜外注射前）相比，仅在GT组的MP1、MP2、MU和MC时观察到HR有轻微差异。两组之间芬太尼推注的次数没有差异，GC组的中位数（范围）为3（1 - 5），GT组为3（1 - 4）。总之，对接受择期卵巢子宫切除术的猫硬膜外给予曲马多不能提供可靠的术中镇痛，因此需要其他策略来确保健康猫在择期卵巢子宫切除术中的术中镇痛。
