Gawthrop Peter J, Pan Michael, Rajagopal Vijay
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
J R Soc Interface. 2025 Jan;22(222):20240404. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0404. Epub 2025 Jan 30.
Bond graphs provide an energy-based methodology for modelling complex systems hierarchically; at the moment, the method allows biological systems with both chemical and electrical subsystems to be modelled. Herein, the bond graph approach is extended to include chemomechanical transduction thus extending the range of biological systems to be modelled. Actin filament polymerization and force generation is used as an example of chemomechanical transduction, and it is shown that the (transformer) bond graph component provides a practical, and conceptually simple, alternative to the Brownian ratchet approach of Peskin, Odell, Oster and Mogilner. Furthermore, it is shown that the bond graph approach leads to the same equation as the Brownian ratchet approach in the simplest case. The approach is illustrated by showing that flexibility and non-normal incidence can be modelled by simply adding additional bond graph components and that compliance leads to non-convexity of the force-velocity curve. Energy flows are fundamental to life; for this reason, the energy-based approach is utilized to investigate the power transmission by the actin filament and its corresponding efficiency. The bond graph model is fitted to experimental data by adjusting the model physical parameters.
键合图提供了一种基于能量的方法，用于对复杂系统进行分层建模；目前，该方法允许对具有化学和电气子系统的生物系统进行建模。在此，键合图方法被扩展以包括化学机械转导，从而扩展了可建模的生物系统的范围。肌动蛋白丝聚合和力的产生被用作化学机械转导的一个例子，并且表明（变压器）键合图组件为佩斯金、奥德尔、奥斯特和莫吉尔纳的布朗棘轮方法提供了一种实用且概念上简单的替代方法。此外，结果表明在最简单的情况下，键合图方法得出的方程与布朗棘轮方法相同。通过表明只需添加额外的键合图组件就可以对柔韧性和非垂直入射进行建模，并且柔顺性会导致力 - 速度曲线的非凸性，来说明该方法。能量流动是生命的基础；因此，基于能量的方法被用于研究肌动蛋白丝的功率传输及其相应效率。通过调整模型物理参数，将键合图模型拟合到实验数据。
