Joshi Riya, Kilinsky Alexandra
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
Section of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2025 Apr 1;37(2):198-204. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001441. Epub 2025 Jan 22.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI and accounts for roughly 37 000 HPV-associated cancers annually in the United States. Despite documented safety and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine, vaccination rates should be higher. We summarize literature surrounding vaccine hesitancy, a main reason for suboptimal vaccine coverage. We aim to describe the complex factors that lead to hesitancy in order to support improvement of vaccination rates in our communities.
Studies document sustained immunogenicity and effectiveness 10 years post HPV vaccination. Vaccine coverage was rising until 2022, when initiation declined. Primary reasons for hesitancy are: perceived lack of provider recommendation, a lack of parental knowledge and necessity especially if an adolescent is not sexually active, and safety concerns. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged access to care and exacerbated vaccine-related discourse. Studies of hesitant adopters reveal that social processes, including conversations with community members, have a substantial impact on decisions to vaccinate.
We highlight recent literature behind parental hesitancy toward the HPV vaccine, focusing on concerns about its necessity and safety, exacerbated by medical mistrust and misinformation. We summarize findings of successful educational outreach and community-based interventions to improve vaccination rates in the postpandemic social media era.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是最常见的性传播感染，在美国每年约有37000例与HPV相关的癌症。尽管HPV疫苗已证明其安全性和有效性，但接种率仍有待提高。我们总结了围绕疫苗犹豫这一导致疫苗接种覆盖率不理想的主要原因的相关文献。我们旨在描述导致犹豫的复杂因素，以支持提高我们社区的疫苗接种率。
研究记录了HPV疫苗接种10年后的持续免疫原性和有效性。在2022年之前疫苗接种覆盖率一直在上升，但自那时起开始下降。犹豫的主要原因包括：感觉缺乏医疗服务提供者的推荐、家长缺乏相关知识且认为没有必要（尤其是青少年没有性行为时）以及对安全性的担忧。新冠疫情对获得医疗服务造成了挑战，并加剧了与疫苗相关的讨论。对犹豫接种者的研究表明，包括与社区成员交流在内的社会过程，对疫苗接种决策有重大影响。
我们重点介绍了近期关于家长对HPV疫苗犹豫的相关文献，关注对其必要性和安全性的担忧，而医疗不信任和错误信息加剧了这些担忧。我们总结了在疫情后社交媒体时代成功的教育推广和基于社区的干预措施以提高疫苗接种率的研究结果。
