Zhang Beibei, Hu Xin, Yang Yu, Deng Xiangzhao, Li Bo, Gong Xiaoyu, Xiang Xin, Cai Xutao, Liu Tongqing
College of Architectural Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 55005, China.
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2025 Jan 30;47(3):62. doi: 10.1007/s10653-025-02364-5.
Extensive agricultural regions commonly face issues of poor groundwater management, non-standard agricultural production practices, and unordered discharge of domestic pollution, leading to a continuous decline in groundwater quality and a sharp increase in risks. A comprehensive understanding of groundwater conditions and pollution is a crucial step in effectively addressing the water quality crisis. This study employs the Comprehensive Water Quality Index, Irrigation parameter, and Pollution Index to comprehensively investigate the groundwater quality in a typical agricultural area in Shandong, China, and assesses the suitability of groundwater for irrigation and the risks to human health. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis methods are utilized to analyze the relationship between groundwater quality and agricultural production and human activities. The results of the comprehensive quality evaluation indicate that the groundwater in the study area is primarily characterized as weakly alkaline hard freshwater and slightly brackish water, with a hydrochemical type of HCO-Ca. 42% of the groundwater is unsuitable for drinking, with the main pollutants being TDS, TH, F, and NO. The shallow groundwater level and high soil permeability provide favorable conditions for pollutant migration. Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and Potential Salinity (PS) indicate that 37% of the water samples have excessive bicarbonate levels and 5% have excessive salinity, making them unsuitable for irrigation. Nitrate poses non-carcinogenic risks to all three age groups. Multivariate analysis results show that agricultural pollution dominates in the groundwater, with major pollutants including SO, NO, COD, NH-N, F, etc. Domestic pollution mainly increases the concentrations of ions such as Ca, Na, Mg, and also contributes to Cl and NO. The findings of this study contribute to enhancing the rational utilization of groundwater quality in agricultural areas, standardizing agricultural production activities, and promoting the sustainable development of green agriculture.
广袤的农业区域普遍面临地下水管理不善、农业生产 practices 不规范以及生活污染无序排放等问题，导致地下水水质持续下降，风险急剧增加。全面了解地下水状况和污染情况是有效应对水质危机的关键一步。本研究采用综合水质指数、灌溉参数和污染指数，对中国山东一个典型农业区的地下水水质进行全面调查，并评估地下水用于灌溉的适宜性以及对人体健康的风险。此外，运用多元统计分析方法分析地下水水质与农业生产和人类活动之间的关系。综合质量评价结果表明，研究区地下水主要特征为弱碱性硬淡水和微咸水，水化学类型为 HCO-Ca。42%的地下水不适宜饮用，主要污染物为 TDS、TH、F 和 NO。浅层地下水位和高土壤渗透性为污染物迁移提供了有利条件。残留碳酸钠（RSC）和潜在盐度（PS）表明，37%的水样碳酸氢盐含量超标，5%的水样盐度超标，不适宜灌溉。硝酸盐对所有三个年龄组都构成非致癌风险。多元分析结果表明，农业污染在地下水中占主导地位，主要污染物包括 SO、NO、COD、NH-N、F 等。生活污染主要增加了 Ca、Na、Mg 等离子的浓度，也导致了 Cl 和 NO 的增加。本研究结果有助于提高农业区地下水水质的合理利用，规范农业生产活动，促进绿色农业的可持续发展。
