Mai Kai-Lin, Pan Wei-Qi, Lin Zheng-Shi, Wang Yang, Yang Zi-Feng
Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
Adv Biotechnol (Singap). 2025 Jan 21;3(1):5. doi: 10.1007/s44307-025-00057-9.
The co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 has led to co-infection events, primarily affecting children and older adults, who are at higher risk for severe disease. Although co-infection prevalence is relatively low, it is associated with worse outcomes compared to mono-infections. Previous studies have shown that the outcomes of co-infection depend on multiple factors, including viral interference, virus-host interaction and host response. Children and the elderly exhibit distinct patterns of antiviral response, which involve airway epithelium, mucociliary clearance, innate and adaptive immune cells, and inflammatory mediators. This review explores the pathogeneses of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infection, focusing on the antiviral responses in children and the elderly. By comparing immature immunity in children and immune senescence in older adults, we aim to provide insights for the clinical management of severe co-infection cases.
流感和新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的共同流行导致了合并感染事件，主要影响儿童和老年人，他们患重症的风险更高。尽管合并感染的发生率相对较低，但与单一感染相比，其预后更差。先前的研究表明，合并感染的结果取决于多种因素，包括病毒干扰、病毒与宿主的相互作用以及宿主反应。儿童和老年人表现出不同的抗病毒反应模式，这涉及气道上皮、黏液纤毛清除、固有免疫和适应性免疫细胞以及炎症介质。本综述探讨了SARS-CoV-2与流感合并感染的发病机制，重点关注儿童和老年人的抗病毒反应。通过比较儿童的不成熟免疫和老年人的免疫衰老，我们旨在为重症合并感染病例的临床管理提供见解。
