Hua-Nguyen Christina, Harris Ashley, Herrera Micah E, Falk Jamison, Le Me-Linh, Mital Shweta
College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Libraries, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Addict Behav. 2025 Apr;163:108268. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108268. Epub 2025 Jan 27.
The opioid crisis in North America has increased concerns about adolescent problematic opioid use. Schools are crucial in prevention efforts, but the effectiveness of school-based educational programs is debated. This review evaluates the effectiveness of school-based opioid education programs in preventing opioid-related harms, and improving knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about opioids among youth.
Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsycInfo, ERIC, and Web of Science databases were searched in January 2025. Included studies met the following criteria: (1) were published in English; (2) conducted in a middle or high school setting; (3) the intervention related to opioid education; (4) randomized trials or observational studies; and (5) published between January 2000 and January 2025.
Among 1405 studies screened, eight met the inclusion criteria and evaluated seven school-based opioid education programs with participants aged between 11 and 18 years. Most studies used quasi-experimental designs, and only one was a randomized controlled trial. One study showed that combining classroom-based interventions in grade 7 with sessions that involved parents participating alongside students significantly reduced prescription opioid misuse, with effects lasting until grade 12. Four studies showed improved knowledge and attitudes towards opioid use and two showed increased understanding of opioid withdrawal and overdose management.
This review is the first to evaluate school-based opioid education programs for adolescents. Findings indicate that these programs effectively increase opioid knowledge and reduce problematic opioid use, though further randomized trials among diverse participant samples are needed to confirm efficacy and generalizability of findings.
北美阿片类药物危机引发了人们对青少年阿片类药物使用问题的更多关注。学校在预防工作中至关重要，但基于学校的教育项目的有效性存在争议。本综述评估了基于学校的阿片类药物教育项目在预防阿片类药物相关危害以及改善青少年对阿片类药物的知识、态度和信念方面的有效性。
2025年1月检索了Ovid MEDLINE、Ovid Embase、Ovid PsycInfo、教育资源信息中心（ERIC）和科学网数据库。纳入的研究符合以下标准：（1）以英文发表；（2）在初中或高中环境中进行；（3）干预措施与阿片类药物教育相关；（4）随机试验或观察性研究；（5）发表于2000年1月至2025年1月之间。
在筛选的1405项研究中，有8项符合纳入标准，并评估了7个针对11至18岁参与者的基于学校的阿片类药物教育项目。大多数研究采用准实验设计，只有一项是随机对照试验。一项研究表明，将七年级基于课堂的干预措施与家长与学生一起参与的课程相结合，可显著减少处方阿片类药物的滥用，其效果持续到十二年级。四项研究表明对阿片类药物使用的知识和态度有所改善，两项研究表明对阿片类药物戒断和过量管理的理解有所增加。
本综述首次评估了针对青少年的基于学校的阿片类药物教育项目。研究结果表明，这些项目有效地增加了阿片类药物知识并减少了有问题的阿片类药物使用，不过需要在不同参与者样本中进行进一步的随机试验，以确认研究结果的有效性和普遍性。
