Mumtaz Sahar, Anas Muhammad, Javed Sadia, Tahir Muhammad Faran, Saleem Muhammad Hamzah, Elansary Hosam O, Mahmoud Eman A, Fahad Shah, Ali Shafaqat
Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan.
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2025 Mar;220:109548. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109548. Epub 2025 Jan 23.
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as cadmium (Cd)] is becoming a serious global problem due to the rapid development of the social economy. Organic chelating agents such as succinic acid (SA) and oxalic acid (OA) are more efficient, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable compared to inorganic chelating agents and they enhance the solubility, absorption, and stability of metals. To investigate this, we conducted a pot experiment to assess the impact of SA (0.25 and 0.5 mM) and OA (0.25 and 0.5 mM) on enhancing the phytoremediation of Cd under its toxic concentration of 0.1 mM, using rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. The research outcomes indicated that elevated levels of Cd stress in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange attributes. However, Cd stress also induced oxidative stress in the plants by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (HO), which also induced increased compounds of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and also the gene expression and sugar content. Furthermore, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in proline metabolism, the AsA-GSH cycle, and the pigmentation of cellular components was observed. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that Cd toxicity significantly affected double membranous organelles. Although, the application of SA and OA showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds, and their gene expression and also decreased oxidative stress. In addition, the application of SA and OA enhanced cellular fractionation and decreased the proline metabolism and AsA-GSH cycle in O. sativa plants. These results open new insights for sustainable agriculture practices and hold immense promise in addressing the pressing challenges of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils.
由于社会经济的快速发展，土壤被有毒重金属（如镉（Cd））污染正成为一个严重的全球性问题。与无机螯合剂相比，琥珀酸（SA）和草酸（OA）等有机螯合剂效率更高、环境友好且可生物降解，它们能提高金属的溶解度、吸收性和稳定性。为了对此进行研究，我们进行了一项盆栽试验，以评估SA（0.25和0.5 mM）和OA（0.25和0.5 mM）在镉毒性浓度为0.1 mM时对增强水稻（Oryza sativa L.）植物对镉的植物修复作用的影响。研究结果表明，土壤中镉胁迫水平的升高显著（P < 0.05）降低了植物生长、生物量、光合色素和气体交换特性。然而，镉胁迫也通过增加丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（HO）在植物中诱导氧化应激，这也诱导了各种酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂化合物以及基因表达和糖含量的增加。此外，观察到脯氨酸代谢、AsA-GSH循环和细胞成分色素沉着显著（P < 0.05）增加。此外，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示镉毒性显著影响双膜细胞器。尽管如此，SA和OA的施用显示植物生长和生物量、气体交换特性、酶促和非酶促化合物及其基因表达显著（P < 0.05）增加，并且氧化应激降低。此外，SA和OA的施用增强了水稻植株的细胞分级分离，并降低了脯氨酸代谢和AsA-GSH循环。这些结果为可持续农业实践开辟了新的见解，并在应对农业土壤重金属污染的紧迫挑战方面具有巨大潜力。
