Gupta Vivek, Vashist Praveen, Sarath Sukumara, Gupta Noopur, Senjam Suraj Singh, Shukla Palllavi, Shamanna Bindiganavale Ramaswamy, Rajshekhar Vemparala, Wadhwani Meenakshi, Bhardwaj Amit, Gupta Promila, Titiyal Jeewan S
Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2025 Jun 23;109(7):829-836. doi: 10.1136/bjo-2024-325763.
To obtain national-level data on current burden of blindness and visual impairment (VI) due to corneal opacities (CO) and their epidemiological determinants in India.
A cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted in 31 districts for population aged ≥50 years using Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) V.6 methodology and 6 districts for population aged 0-49 years. Using standardised definitions, prevalence (95% CIs) and burden for 2023 were estimated at International Classification of Diseases-11 thresholds of mild/early VI (EVI) and moderate to severe VI (MSVI) and blindness.
85 135 participants aged ≥50 years and 13 695 participants between 0 and 49 years were examined. Prevalence of avoidable blindness due to CO was 17.1 per 10 000 (13.4 to 21.9) and 3.39 per 10 000 (1.16 to 9.92) in populations aged ≥50 years and 0-49 years, respectively. 32% (n=49) in ≥50-year group did not have perception of light in CO-affected eye. Prevalence of cumulative avoidable MSVI or blindness due to CO was 26.9/10 000 (20.7 to 35.0) and 8.32/10 000 (2.81 to 24.62) in populations aged ≥50 years and 0-49 years, respectively, while cumulative avoidable EVI, MSVI or blindness due to CO were 30.1/10 000 (23.8 to 38.1) and 8.3/10 000 (2.81 to 24.62), respectively.Higher prevalence of avoidable MSVI or blindness due to CO were associated with increasing age, lower educational status; lower prevalence was noted in northeast geographical zone. Rural-urban and gender-based differences were not statistically and clinically significant respectively.
There is a high burden of CO-related blindness and VI in India, especially in older populations. Key epidemiological risks may be used for prioritisation in eye health plans.
获取印度因角膜混浊（CO）导致的失明和视力损害（VI）的当前负担及其流行病学决定因素的国家级数据。
采用快速可避免失明评估（RAAB）V.6方法，对31个地区年龄≥50岁的人群和6个地区0 - 49岁的人群进行了基于人群的横断面调查。使用标准化定义，根据国际疾病分类第11版中轻度/早期视力损害（EVI）、中度至重度视力损害（MSVI）和失明的阈值，估计了2023年的患病率（95%置信区间）和负担。
检查了85135名年龄≥50岁的参与者和13695名0至49岁的参与者。在年龄≥50岁和0 - 49岁的人群中，因CO导致的可避免失明患病率分别为每10000人中有17.1例（13.4至21.9）和每10000人中有3.39例（1.16至9.92）。在≥50岁年龄组中，32%（n = 49）的CO受累眼无光感。在年龄≥50岁和0 - 49岁的人群中，因CO导致的累积可避免MSVI或失明患病率分别为每10000人中有26.9例（20.7至35.0）和每10000人中有8.32例（2.81至24.62），而因CO导致的累积可避免EVI、MSVI或失明分别为每10000人中有30.1例（23.8至38.1）和每10000人中有8.3例（2.81至24.62）。因CO导致的可避免MSVI或失明患病率较高与年龄增长、教育程度较低有关；在东北地理区域患病率较低。城乡和性别差异在统计学和临床上均无显著意义。
印度存在与CO相关的失明和VI的高负担，尤其是在老年人群中。关键的流行病学风险因素可用于眼部健康计划的优先排序。
