Espinoza Sebastian R, Trauffler Lexton, Shamshirsaz Amir, Shamshirsaz Alireza, Espinoza Andres, Espinoza Jimmy, O'Brien Alice
Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
UTHealth|McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
J Glob Health. 2024 Dec 30;14:05044. doi: 10.7189/jogh.14.05044.
Previous studies have shown that hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling reduced the duration of symptoms in upper respiratory infections caused by coronavirus. This study aims to investigate the effects of two saline regimens on symptoms associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Between 2020 and 2022, individuals aged 18-65 years who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were randomly assigned to either low- or high-saline regimens for 14 days. The low-saline solutions contained 2.13 g of salt dissolved in eight ounces of warm water, while the high-saline solution contained six grams of salt dissolved in eight ounces of warm water. Participants gargled and rinsed their nasal passages four times a day for 14 days. Primary outcomes assessed included frequency and duration of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms, while secondary outcomes included hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for mechanical ventilatory support, or mortality rates. Exclusion criteria included chronic hypertension or participation in other interventional studies.
Fifty-eight individuals were allocated to the low (n = 27) or high (n = 28) saline regimens; with three lost to follow-up. There were no significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes between these groups. Comparatively, during the study period, 9398 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by positive PCR test were observed as a reference group. Hospitalisation rates in the low-saline (18.5%) and high-saline (21.4%) regimens were significantly lower than in the reference group (58.8%; P < 0.001), while no significant differences were observed in other outcomes among these groups.
Low and high saline regimens for gargling and nasal rinsing show similar effectiveness in reducing the frequency and duration of symptoms related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both saline regimens are associated with lower hospitalisation rates compared to individuals not using gargling or nasal rinsing in those infected by SARS-CoV-2.
先前的研究表明，高渗盐水鼻腔冲洗和漱口可缩短冠状病毒引起的上呼吸道感染的症状持续时间。本研究旨在调查两种盐水方案对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）相关症状的影响。
在2020年至2022年期间，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测SARS-CoV-2感染呈阳性的18至65岁个体被随机分配到低盐水或高盐水方案中，为期14天。低盐水溶液含有2.13克盐溶解在8盎司温水中，而高盐水溶液含有6克盐溶解在8盎司温水中。参与者每天漱口和冲洗鼻腔4次，持续14天。评估的主要结局包括SARS-CoV-2症状的频率和持续时间，次要结局包括住院或重症监护病房（ICU）入院、机械通气支持需求或死亡率。排除标准包括慢性高血压或参与其他干预性研究。
58名个体被分配到低盐水（n = 27）或高盐水（n = 28）方案组；3人失访。这些组之间的主要或次要结局没有显著差异。相比之下，在研究期间，观察到9398名通过PCR检测呈阳性确诊SARS-CoV-2感染的个体作为参考组。低盐水（18.5%）和高盐水（21.4%）方案组的住院率显著低于参考组（58.8%；P < 0.001），而这些组之间的其他结局没有观察到显著差异。
低盐水和高盐水漱口及鼻腔冲洗方案在降低与SARS-CoV-2感染相关症状的频率和持续时间方面显示出相似的效果。与未使用漱口或鼻腔冲洗的SARS-CoV-2感染者相比，两种盐水方案的住院率均较低。
