Tomczyk Jacek, Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota, Turska-Szybka Anna, Studnicki Marcin
Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Dent Med Probl. 2025 Jan-Feb;62(1):13-22. doi: 10.17219/dmp/184054.
Oral health behaviors are the primary determinants of dental health. They undergo modification and stabilization during adolescence, and can persist into adulthood.
The aim of the study was to assess the oral health behaviors of individuals aged 12 and 15-18 years, and to examine the impact of these behaviors on the occurrence and severity of dental caries in different age groups.
A cross-sectional oral health national survey was conducted between 2016 and 2020, encompassing a total of 5,099 participants, including 2,496 individuals aged 12 and 2,603 participants aged 15-18 years. The presence of non-cavitated decay (D1-2), cavitation (D≥3), and missing (M) or filled (F) status at the tooth (T) or surface (S) levels was evaluated. The prevalence of caries (D≥3MFT > 0), as well as the mean values of the D1-2, D≥3MFT and D≥3MFS indexes were assessed. The questionnaire contained information on sociodemographic factors, oral health behaviors and the participants' diet.
The prevalence of dental caries was 75% among 12-year-old and 90% among 15-18-year-old individuals. Indicators associated with a reduced likelihood and lower severity of dental caries in both groups included prophylactic dental visits (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (12-year-olds): 0.83; AOR (15-18-yearolds): 0.64) and brushing teeth at least twice a day (AOR (12-year-olds): 0.72; AOR (15-18-year-olds): 0.59). Frequent consumption of sweet products and chips by 12-year-olds increased the likelihood of developing and exacerbating tooth decay. In the older group, the risk of developing caries was associated with the consumption of sweets and sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages.
Poor oral hygiene and inadequate diet are conducive to the development of caries, with the condition being exacerbated by these factors regardless of age. However, the influence of diet appears to be more pronounced in less mature dentition. The benefits of dental visits, oral hygiene practices and a preference for mineral water in quenching thirst have also been demonstrated. The health behaviors exhibited by older and younger adolescents are comparable, suggesting that these habits may persist into adulthood.
口腔健康行为是牙齿健康的主要决定因素。它们在青少年时期会发生改变并趋于稳定，且可能持续到成年期。
本研究旨在评估12岁以及15 - 18岁个体的口腔健康行为，并考察这些行为对不同年龄组龋齿发生情况及严重程度的影响。
2016年至2020年开展了一项全国性口腔健康横断面调查，共纳入5099名参与者，其中包括2496名12岁个体和2603名15 - 18岁参与者。评估了牙齿（T）或牙面（S）水平上非龋性龋损（D1 - 2）、龋洞形成（D≥3）以及缺失（M）或充填（F）状态。评估了龋齿患病率（D≥3MFT > 0）以及D1 - 2、D≥3MFT和D≥3MFS指数的平均值。问卷包含社会人口学因素、口腔健康行为以及参与者饮食方面的信息。
12岁个体的龋齿患病率为75%，15 - 18岁个体为90%。两组中与龋齿发生可能性降低及严重程度减轻相关的指标包括预防性看牙（调整优势比（AOR）（12岁）：0.83；AOR（15 - 18岁）：0.64）以及每天至少刷牙两次（AOR（12岁）：0.72；AOR（15 - 18岁）：0.59）。12岁个体频繁食用甜食和薯片会增加患龋及龋齿加重的可能性。在年龄较大的组中，患龋风险与食用甜食和含糖碳酸饮料有关。
口腔卫生不良和饮食不当会导致龋齿的发生，无论年龄大小，这些因素都会使病情加重。然而，饮食的影响在牙列不太成熟的个体中似乎更为明显。看牙、口腔卫生习惯以及偏好饮用矿泉水解渴的益处也已得到证实。年龄较大和较小的青少年所表现出的健康行为具有可比性，这表明这些习惯可能会持续到成年期。
