Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota, Gozdowski Dariusz, Małkiewicz Elżbieta, Kaczmarek Urszula
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland.
Dent Med Probl. 2018 Oct-Dec;55(4):399-404. doi: 10.17219/dmp/96273.
There is some increase in the risk of oral diseases in adolescence, as in this period of life, individuals become more independent regarding the consumption of sugary food and beverages, and they can be reluctant to apply oral hygiene procedures systematically. Therefore, adolescence is a period of life that needs special attention.
The objective of this study was to compare some oral health parameters and oral health-related behaviors of 15-year-olds within the past 7 years.
In 2008 and 2015, nationwide surveys on oral health condition involving 15-year-olds were carried out in Poland. Sampling and clinical examinations were performed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, which were extended with a questionnaire concerning pro-health behaviors.
Caries prevalence and severity turned out to be a constant, as neither a significant reduction in the proportion of caries-affected adolescents (94.0% vs 94.0%) nor in the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) (5.96 vs 5.65), DT, FT, and significant caries (SiC) index values was found, except for a decline in MT (0.17 vs 0.07; p < 0.05). The periodontal condition revealed deterioration, since some increase in the percentage of adolescents with gingival bleeding (34.2% vs 37.4%), shallow pockets (0 vs 2.8%) and loss of attachment (0 vs 1.3%), and a decrease in the mean number of sound sextants (4.85 vs 4.21; p < 0.01) were noticed. Moreover, fewer adolescents declared brushing their teeth at least twice a day (77.8% vs 66.7%; p < 0.001).
The high and constant prevalence of caries and deterioration of the periodontal condition indicate a significant burden on the oral health of adolescents. To improve this situation, the implementation of proper age-oriented oral health programs is needed.
青春期患口腔疾病的风险有所增加，因为在这个生命阶段，个体在食用含糖食物和饮料方面变得更加独立，而且他们可能不愿意系统地采取口腔卫生措施。因此，青春期是一个需要特别关注的生命阶段。
本研究的目的是比较过去7年中15岁青少年的一些口腔健康参数和与口腔健康相关的行为。
2008年和2015年，在波兰对15岁青少年的口腔健康状况进行了全国性调查。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）标准进行抽样和临床检查，并通过一份关于促进健康行为的问卷进行补充。
龋齿患病率和严重程度保持不变，既未发现患龋青少年比例（94.0%对94.0%）有显著下降，也未发现龋失补牙数（DMFT）（5.96对5.65）、龋牙数（DT）、补牙数（FT）和严重龋齿（SiC）指数值有显著下降，不过失牙数（MT）有所下降（0.17对0.07；p<0.05）。牙周状况显示恶化，因为牙龈出血青少年的百分比有所增加（34.2%对37.4%）、浅牙周袋（0对2.8%）和附着丧失（0对1.3%），且健康牙面平均数有所减少（4.85对4.21；p<0.01）。此外，宣称每天至少刷牙两次的青少年减少（77.8%对66.7%；p<0.001）。
龋齿的高患病率和持续存在以及牙周状况的恶化表明青少年口腔健康负担沉重。为改善这种情况，需要实施适当的针对特定年龄的口腔健康计划。
