Wilson Louise, Copp Tessa, Hickey Martha, Jenkinson Bec, Jordan Susan J, Thompson Rachel, Mishra Gita D, Doust Jenny A
Australian Women and Girls' Health Research Centre, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD.
The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW.
Med J Aust. 2025 Mar 3;222(4):191-197. doi: 10.5694/mja2.52596. Epub 2025 Jan 30.
To estimate the prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding among Australian women from young adulthood to midlife (22-48 years) and investigate the characteristics of women who experience this condition; to investigate the relationship of heavy menstrual bleeding and health-related quality of life.
Longitudinal cohort survey study (Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, ALSWH).
SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Australia; baseline cohort of 14 247 women born during 1973-1978, recruited in 1996; eight post-baseline surveys undertaken at 3-year intervals, 2000-2021.
Self-reported frequency of heavy menstrual bleeding during the preceding twelve months (never/rarely, sometimes, often); frequency of heavy menstrual bleeding by socio-demographic, behavioural, health, and reproduction-related characteristics; mean physical and mental health-related quality of life scores (36-item Short Form health survey, SF-36) by frequency of heavy menstrual bleeding. Results are weighted to adjust for oversampling of participants from rural and remote areas.
Data for 11 311 respondents to at least one ALSWH post-baseline survey were included in our prevalence analysis. The prevalence of sometimes or often experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding increased from 17.6% at age 22 years (124 of 691 respondents) to 32.1% at 48 years (359 of 1132 respondents); the proportion who reported often experiencing the condition increased from 6.1% (45 participants) to 12.1% (136 participants). The likelihood of often experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding increased with body mass index (40 kg/m or greater v 18.5-24.9 kg/m: risk ratio [RR], 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.93-2.67), and was greater for respondents who reported low iron levels (RR, 2.26; 95% CI, 2.03-2.51) or endometriosis (RR, 2.29; 95% CI, 2.06-2.54). Similar associations were seen for sometimes experiencing heavy bleeding. Mean health-related quality of life scores for women who reported heavy menstrual bleeding were lower in all domains and for the summary mental health and physical health scores than for women who reported never or rarely experiencing the condition; the differences were greater for women who often experienced heavy menstrual bleeding.
Heavy menstrual bleeding was reported by large minorities of women of reproductive age, and the proportion increased with age. Many women experience symptoms that have a substantial impact on their physical and mental health-related quality of life.
评估澳大利亚年轻成年至中年（22 - 48岁）女性中月经过多的患病率，并调查患有这种情况的女性的特征；研究月经过多与健康相关生活质量的关系。
纵向队列调查研究（澳大利亚女性健康纵向研究，ALSWH）。
地点、参与者：澳大利亚；1996年招募了1973 - 1978年出生的14247名女性作为基线队列；2000 - 2021年，每隔3年进行8次基线后调查。
自我报告的前十二个月内月经过多的频率（从不/很少、有时、经常）；按社会人口统计学、行为、健康和生殖相关特征划分的月经过多频率；按月经过多频率划分的平均身心健康相关生活质量得分（36项简短健康调查，SF - 36）。结果进行加权以调整农村和偏远地区参与者的过度抽样。
我们的患病率分析纳入了至少参加过一次ALSWH基线后调查的11311名受访者的数据。有时或经常经历月经过多的患病率从22岁时的17.6%（691名受访者中的124名）增加到48岁时的32.1%（1132名受访者中的359名）；报告经常经历这种情况的比例从6.1%（45名参与者）增加到12.1%（136名参与者）。经常经历月经过多的可能性随着体重指数增加而增加（40kg/m²或更高与18.5 - 24.9kg/m²相比：风险比[RR]，2.27；95%置信区间[CI]，1.93 - 2.67），并且对于报告铁水平低的受访者（RR，2.26；95%CI，2.03 - 2.51）或子宫内膜异位症的受访者（RR，2.29；95%CI，2.06 - 2.54）更大。有时经历月经过多也有类似关联。报告月经过多的女性在所有领域以及心理健康和身体健康总结得分方面的平均健康相关生活质量得分低于报告从不或很少经历这种情况的女性；对于经常经历月经过多的女性，差异更大。
育龄期女性中有很大一部分报告有月经过多，且这一比例随年龄增加。许多女性经历的症状对其身心健康相关生活质量有重大影响。
