Saracutu Ovidiu Ionut, Pollis Matteo, Bracci Alessandro, Ferrari Marco, Manfredini Daniele
Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dentistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Department of Neurosciences, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
J Oral Rehabil. 2025 May;52(5):667-677. doi: 10.1111/joor.13947. Epub 2025 Jan 31.
Despite the aetiology of awake bruxism (AB) being prevalently linked to psychological factors, several studies suggested that the use of certain substances, such as tobacco smoking, can contribute to the increase in masticatory muscle activities (MMA) during wakefulness.
The aim of this study is to assess whether there is a correlation between the frequency of awake bruxism behaviours and smoking habits.
Participants were recruited, without gender or ethnic restriction, at the University of Siena, Siena, Italy, by advertising. Participants completed a questionnaire containing the four-item patient health questionnaire for anxiety and depression (PHQ-4) and some items from the Global Adult Tobacco Smoking (GATS) questionnaire. Moreover, they performed one week of awake bruxism behaviours monitoring via the ecological momentary assessment (EMA).
A total of 100 participants (university employees, dentists, undergraduate and post-graduate students) were included in the study (34 males and 66 females, mean age 24.5 years). Of them, 39% were smokers and 61% were non-smokers. The multiple variable linear regression analysis results showed a statistically significant correlation between the frequency of awake bruxism behaviours and the PHQ-4 scores. Specifically, for every 1% increase in PHQ-4 score, the mean frequency of the AB behaviours increases 5-fold. Awake bruxism behaviours did not show any statistically significant correlation with the number of smoked cigarettes (p > 0.05). Mandible bracing significantly correlated with the number of years of smoking (B = 1.58, p = 0.002).
According to the present study's findings, the frequency of awake bruxism behaviours correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression but not with smoking status.
尽管觉醒性磨牙症（AB）的病因普遍与心理因素有关，但多项研究表明，使用某些物质，如吸烟，可导致清醒时咀嚼肌活动（MMA）增加。
本研究旨在评估觉醒性磨牙行为的频率与吸烟习惯之间是否存在相关性。
通过广告招募参与者，无性别或种族限制，地点为意大利锡耶纳大学。参与者完成一份问卷，其中包含用于评估焦虑和抑郁的四项患者健康问卷（PHQ-4）以及全球成人吸烟（GATS）问卷中的一些项目。此外，他们通过生态瞬时评估（EMA）进行了为期一周的觉醒性磨牙行为监测。
本研究共纳入100名参与者（大学员工、牙医、本科生和研究生）（34名男性和66名女性，平均年龄24.5岁）。其中，39%为吸烟者，61%为非吸烟者。多元变量线性回归分析结果显示，觉醒性磨牙行为的频率与PHQ-4评分之间存在统计学显著相关性。具体而言，PHQ-4评分每增加1%，AB行为的平均频率增加5倍。觉醒性磨牙行为与吸烟支数未显示出任何统计学显著相关性（p>0.05）。下颌支撑与吸烟年限显著相关（B = 1.58，p = 0.002）。
根据本研究结果，觉醒性磨牙行为的频率与焦虑和抑郁症状相关，但与吸烟状况无关。
