Han Mi Seon, Choi Sujin, Yoon Yoonsun, Kim Yun-Kyung, Cho Hye-Kyung, Yun Ki Wook, Song Seung Ha, Ahn Bin, Kim Ye Kyung, Choi Sung Hwan, Choe Young June, Lim Heeji, Choi Eun Bee, Kim Kwangwook, Hyeon Seokhwan, Lee Soyeon, Na Yoo Jin, Kim Byung-Chul, Lee Yoo-Kyoung, Choi Eun Hwa, Ahn Soyeon, Lee Hyunju
From the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2025 Jun 1;44(6):550-556. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004709. Epub 2025 Jan 28.
The COVID-19 pandemic's transition to an endemic phase emphasizes the importance of vaccination. Despite initial strong immunogenicity, waning of vaccine-induced immunity requires further investigation. Therefore, this study evaluated the immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents, focusing on spike-specific and neutralizing antibody kinetics following primary and booster vaccinations as well as the impact of breakthrough infections.
This observational study included 157 adolescents 12-17 years old who received the primary BNT162b2 vaccine and 22 participants who received booster doses. Antibody levels were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 10 months post-vaccination and post-booster. Breakthrough infections were identified using SARS-CoV-2 antigen/polymerase chain reaction tests. Safety was monitored by tracking adverse effects.
Post-primary vaccination, the geometric mean titer of anti-spike antibodies decreased significantly over time, with a 2.3-fold reduction after 10 months. Booster doses induced higher antibody titers, which also waned over time, albeit more slowly. Breakthrough infections significantly boosted neutralizing titers, including those against variants such as Delta and Omicron. Long-term adverse effects were minimal, with only 7 cases of transient lymph node enlargement and menstrual irregularities.
The BNT162b2 vaccine induced robust initial immune responses in adolescents; however, the immunity waned over time. Booster doses are essential for sustained protection, especially against emerging variants. Breakthrough infections further enhance antibody responses, highlighting the benefits of hybrid immunity. The safety profile is generally favorable; however, ongoing monitoring is warranted.
新冠疫情向地方流行阶段的转变凸显了疫苗接种的重要性。尽管疫苗最初具有较强的免疫原性，但疫苗诱导的免疫力减弱仍需进一步研究。因此，本研究评估了BNT162b2疫苗在青少年中的免疫原性，重点关注初次和加强疫苗接种后刺突特异性抗体和中和抗体的动力学以及突破性感染的影响。
这项观察性研究纳入了157名12至17岁接种了BNT162b2疫苗的青少年以及22名接种了加强针的参与者。在接种疫苗后和接种加强针后的1、3、5和10个月测量抗体水平。通过新冠病毒抗原/聚合酶链反应检测确定突破性感染。通过跟踪不良反应监测安全性。
初次接种疫苗后，抗刺突抗体的几何平均滴度随时间显著下降，10个月后下降了2.3倍。加强针诱导了更高的抗体滴度，尽管下降速度较慢，但也随时间减弱。突破性感染显著提高了中和滴度，包括针对德尔塔和奥密克戎等变体的中和滴度。长期不良反应极少，仅有7例短暂性淋巴结肿大和月经不调。
BNT162b2疫苗在青少年中诱导了强烈的初始免疫反应；然而，免疫力随时间减弱。加强针对于持续保护至关重要，尤其是针对新出现的变体。突破性感染进一步增强了抗体反应，凸显了混合免疫的益处。安全性总体良好；然而，仍需持续监测。
