加纳成年人加强免疫前后对新冠病毒变异株的功能性抗体反应。

Functional antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants before and after booster vaccination among adults in Ghana.

作者信息

Partey F D, Pobee A N A, Damptey I K, Osei F, Owusu-Amponsah M M A K, Ansah Y A A, Ye C, Bradfute S, Hurwitz I, Quashie P K, Ofori M F, Kusi A K, Perkins D J, Awandare G A

机构信息

Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.

出版信息

Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2025 Jul 21;250:10440. doi: 10.3389/ebm.2025.10440. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.3389/ebm.2025.10440

PMID:40761773

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12318880/

Abstract

COVID-19 booster vaccinations are needed to enhance waning immunity and the emergence of new variants. In Africa, where COVID-19 vaccine coverage is low, there is a paucity of data on COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity, particularly in the post-omicron era. This study examined the functional activity of vaccine-induced antibody responses against different variants before and after booster vaccinations in adults in Ghana, between November 2022 and February 2023. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and spike receptor binding domain (RBD) antigen-specific IgG levels against different viral variants were determined in plasma. Plasma was tested for the ability to inhibit ACE-2 binding to RBD variants. N antigen-specific antibody levels were comparable between vaccinated and previously infected, but unvaccinated individuals. However, RBD IgG levels before booster vaccinations were significantly higher in vaccinated participants than in exposed, unvaccinated individuals, except for Omicron. RBD IgG levels remained unchanged after the booster in participants with three prior vaccine doses but were significantly higher than in those with only primary vaccinations (Wild type p = 0.0315, Alpha p = 0.0090, Beta p = 0.0020, Delta p = 0.0040) except Omicron (p = 0.09). Participants who received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in RBD IgG levels against all tested variants from baseline to 3 months. In contrast, participants who received the J&J vaccine only showed a significant increase in RBD IgG to Wildtype (p = 0.04), Alpha (p < 0.0001), and Beta (p < 0.0001), but not Delta and Omicron. The inhibition of ACE-2 binding and live virus neutralization titers were significantly higher in vaccinated individuals than in unvaccinated individuals before the booster (p < 0.001). Virus neutralization titers against Wildtype were significantly high 3 months after booster (p < 0.001), but neutralization titers against Omicron remained stable from baseline to 3 months after booster. Extended interval between vaccinations may enhance vaccine-induced antibody responses.

摘要

需要接种新冠病毒加强针来增强逐渐减弱的免疫力以及应对新变种的出现。在新冠疫苗接种覆盖率较低的非洲，关于新冠疫苗诱导免疫的数据匮乏，尤其是在奥密克戎毒株出现后的时期。本研究于2022年11月至2023年2月期间，检测了加纳成年人在接种加强针前后针对不同变种的疫苗诱导抗体反应的功能活性。测定了血浆中针对不同病毒变种的新冠病毒核衣壳蛋白和刺突受体结合域（RBD）抗原特异性IgG水平。检测了血浆抑制ACE-2与RBD变种结合的能力。接种过疫苗的个体与既往感染但未接种疫苗的个体相比，N抗原特异性抗体水平相当。然而，除奥密克戎毒株外，接种加强针前接种过疫苗的参与者的RBD IgG水平显著高于暴露但未接种疫苗的个体。接种过三剂疫苗的参与者在接种加强针后RBD IgG水平保持不变，但显著高于仅接种过初级疫苗的参与者（野生型p = 0.0315，阿尔法p = 0.0090，贝塔p = 0.0020，德尔塔p = 0.0040），奥密克戎毒株除外（p = 0.09）。接种辉瑞-BioNTech疫苗的参与者从基线到3个月时，针对所有检测变种的RBD IgG水平均显著升高（p < 0.05）。相比之下，仅接种强生疫苗的参与者仅在RBD IgG针对野生型（p = 0.04）、阿尔法（p < 0.0001）和贝塔（p < 0.0001）时显著升高，而针对德尔塔和奥密克戎毒株则未升高。在接种加强针前，接种疫苗的个体对ACE-2结合的抑制作用和活病毒中和效价显著高于未接种疫苗的个体（p < 0.001）。接种加强针3个月后，针对野生型的病毒中和效价显著升高（p < 0.001），但针对奥密克戎毒株的中和效价从基线到接种加强针后3个月保持稳定。延长接种间隔可能会增强疫苗诱导的抗体反应。