Wang Xiaoquan, Dai Jing, Yang Wenhao, Yao Yao, Zhang Jin, Liu Kaituo, Lu Xiaolong, Gao Ruyi, Chen Yu, Hu Jiao, Gu Min, Hu Shunlin, Liu Xiufan, Liu Xiaowen
Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
Vet Res. 2025 Jan 31;56(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s13567-025-01448-5.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) represent significant pathogenic risks to the poultry industry, leading to considerable economic losses. Vaccination is a widely used preventive measure against these pathogens, yet the lack of a live bivalent vaccine targeting NDV and H9N2 AIV imposes a heavy vaccination burden. Previously, we constructed a genotype-matched chimeric NDV vector, LX-OAI4S, in which the genotype I NDV backbone was replaced with the ectodomain of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and modified using the attenuated F gene from the genotype VII vaccine strain A-VII. Based on the LX-OAI4S vector, we successfully generated three H9N2 recombinant viruses: LX-OAI4S-NPU-HA, LX-OAI4S-MU-HA, and LX-OAI4S-HNU-HA. These recombinants incorporated the H9N2 HA gene, flanked by untranslated regions (UTRs) from the NP, M, or HN gene of the NDV LX strain, inserted between the P and M genes of LX-OAI4S. The vaccine candidate LX-OAI4S-NPU-HA induced a more robust immune response in chickens against H9N2 AIV and NDV than the other two recombinants. This response effectively protects against virus shedding and lethal virus challenge. Furthermore, spray vaccination with LX-OAI4S-NPU-HA showed protective efficacy against H9N2 AIV and NDV. This study offers a promising strategy for comprehensive protection in regions threatened by H9N2 AIV and NDV.
新城疫病毒（NDV）和H9N2禽流感病毒（AIV）对家禽业构成重大致病风险，导致相当大的经济损失。疫苗接种是针对这些病原体广泛使用的预防措施，但缺乏针对NDV和H9N2 AIV的活二价疫苗带来了沉重的疫苗接种负担。此前，我们构建了一种基因型匹配的嵌合NDV载体LX - OAI4S，其中I型NDV主干被血凝素神经氨酸酶（HN）的胞外域取代，并使用来自VII型疫苗株A - VII的减毒F基因进行了修饰。基于LX - OAI4S载体，我们成功产生了三种H9N2重组病毒：LX - OAI4S - NPU - HA、LX - OAI4S - MU - HA和LX - OAI4S - HNU - HA。这些重组体整合了H9N2 HA基因，两侧是来自NDV LX株NP、M或HN基因的非翻译区（UTR），插入在LX - OAI4S的P基因和M基因之间。候选疫苗LX - OAI4S - NPU - HA在鸡体内诱导了比其他两种重组体更强的针对H9N2 AIV和NDV的免疫反应。这种反应有效预防了病毒脱落和成 lethal virus challenge。此外，用LX - OAI4S - NPU - HA进行喷雾接种显示出对H9N2 AIV和NDV的保护效力。本研究为在受H9N2 AIV和NDV威胁的地区提供全面保护提供了一种有前景的策略。 （注：原文中“lethal virus challenge”表述不太准确，可能是“致死性病毒攻击”之类的意思，但按要求未修改直接翻译）
