Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2021 Nov 18;12:791764. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791764. eCollection 2021.
Despite global vaccination efforts, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve and spread globally. Relatively high vaccination rates have been achieved in most regions of the United States and several countries worldwide. However, access to vaccines in low- and mid-income countries (LMICs) is still suboptimal. Second generation vaccines that are universally affordable and induce systemic and mucosal immunity are needed. Here we performed an extended safety and immunogenicity analysis of a second-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine consisting of a live Newcastle disease virus vector expressing a pre-fusion stabilized version of the spike protein (NDV-HXP-S) administered intranasally (IN), intramuscularly (IM), or IN followed by IM in Sprague Dawley rats. Local reactogenicity, systemic toxicity, and post-mortem histopathology were assessed after the vaccine administration, with no indication of severe local or systemic reactions. Immunogenicity studies showed that the three vaccination regimens tested elicited high antibody titers against the wild type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the NDV vector. Moreover, high antibody titers were induced against the spike of B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta) and B.1.617.2 (delta) variants of concern (VOCs). Importantly, robust levels of serum antibodies with neutralizing activity against the authentic SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 isolate were detected after the boost. Overall, our study expands the pre-clinical safety and immunogenicity characterization of NDV-HXP-S and reinforces previous findings in other animal models about its high immunogenicity. Clinical testing of this vaccination approach is ongoing in different countries including Thailand, Vietnam, Brazil and Mexico.
尽管全球范围内都在努力接种疫苗,但严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型(SARS-CoV-2)仍在继续演变和在全球范围内传播。美国和世界上几个国家的大多数地区都已实现了相对较高的疫苗接种率。然而,低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs)的疫苗获取仍然不理想。需要价格合理且能诱导全身性和黏膜免疫的第二代疫苗。在这里,我们对一种由表达预先融合稳定化刺突蛋白的活新城疫病毒载体组成的第二代 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗进行了扩展的安全性和免疫原性分析,该疫苗通过鼻内(IN)、肌肉内(IM)或 IN 后 IM 途径接种于 Sprague Dawley 大鼠。在疫苗接种后评估了局部反应原性、全身毒性和死后组织病理学,没有严重局部或全身反应的迹象。免疫原性研究表明,三种测试的疫苗接种方案均能诱导针对野生型 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白和 NDV 载体的高抗体滴度。此外,还能诱导针对 B.1.1.7(alpha)、B.1.351(beta)和 B.1.617.2(delta)关切变异株(VOCs)的高抗体滴度。重要的是,在加强免疫后,检测到针对真实 SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 分离株的具有中和活性的血清抗体的稳健水平。总的来说,我们的研究扩展了 NDV-HXP-S 的临床前安全性和免疫原性特征,并在其他动物模型中证实了其高免疫原性的先前发现。该疫苗接种方法的临床测试正在泰国、越南、巴西和墨西哥等不同国家进行。
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