Duarte-Bueno Laura María, Tello Alejandro, Diaz-Martínez Luis Alfonso, Escobar Sergio, Galvis Virgilio
Cesk Slov Oftalmol. 2025;81(3):129-138. doi: 10.31348/2025/2.
To determine risk factors associated with keratoconus in Bucaramanga, Colombia.
A paired case-control study was conducted at Bucaramanga, Colombia, between November 2022 and December 2023. The controls were age- and sex-matched. Patients answered a questionnaire designed for this study regarding their family history of keratoconus, eye rubbing, atopy, sun exposure, and sleeping habits. Information from medical records was also obtained. Univariate and multivariate conditional analyses were used to test the significance of associations.
One hundred fifty-six patients with a diagnosis of keratoconus and 312 controls were included. Univariate analyses revealed significant differences between cases and controls in the following factors: very frequent eye rubbing (OR = 20.9, 95% CI 6.2-70.1), a positive family history of keratoconus (OR = 13.0, 95% CI 5.5-30.8), a personal history of atopy (OR = 2.2), and nocturnal eye compression (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.7). Multivariate analysis showed a statistical significance for eye rubbing (OR = 6.9, 95% CI 3.8-12.5), and family history of keratoconus (OR = 10.3, 95% CI 2.3-44.9). There was a significant mild interaction between both, since when the two coincided the OR increased up to 74.1 times.
Eye rubbing and family history of keratoconus were the most important risk factors for keratoconus in our population. Although it is impossible to establish causal relationships, our results suggest that controlling eye rubbing could be a potentially useful preventive measure, particularly in individuals with a family history of keratoconus. Other factors, such as sun exposure, sleeping position, and atopy, may play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease.
确定哥伦比亚布卡拉曼加地区圆锥角膜的相关危险因素。
于2022年11月至2023年12月在哥伦比亚布卡拉曼加开展了一项配对病例对照研究。对照者在年龄和性别上相匹配。患者回答了为本研究设计的关于圆锥角膜家族史、揉眼情况、特应性、日晒及睡眠习惯的问卷。还获取了病历信息。采用单因素和多因素条件分析来检验关联的显著性。
纳入了156例圆锥角膜诊断患者和312例对照者。单因素分析显示，病例组和对照组在以下因素上存在显著差异：频繁揉眼（比值比[OR]=20.9，95%置信区间[CI]6.2 - 70.1）、圆锥角膜阳性家族史（OR = 13.0，95% CI 5.5 - 30.8）、个人特应性病史（OR = 2.2）以及夜间眼部受压（OR = 1.7，95% CI 1.0 - 2.7）。多因素分析显示揉眼（OR = 6.9，95% CI 3.8 - 12.5）和圆锥角膜家族史（OR = 10.3，95% CI 2.3 - 44.9）具有统计学意义。两者之间存在显著的轻度交互作用，因为当两者同时出现时，OR增加至74.1倍。
揉眼和圆锥角膜家族史是我们研究人群中圆锥角膜最重要的危险因素。尽管无法建立因果关系，但我们的结果表明，控制揉眼可能是一种潜在有用的预防措施，尤其是对于有圆锥角膜家族史的个体。其他因素，如日晒、睡眠姿势和特应性，可能在该疾病的病理生理学中起作用。
