Pederzolli Matteo, Procopio Federico, Tombolini Beatrice, Marra Simone, De Micheli Massimo, Bandello Francesco, Ferrari Giulio
Eye Repair Lab, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Service, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jun 28;14(13):4587. doi: 10.3390/jcm14134587.
Keratoconus (KC) is the most common ectatic corneal disease. In this review, the systemic aspects of the disease are discussed, including patient age, genetics, systemic inflammatory status and immune system dysregulation, atopy and eye rubbing, systemic metabolism, the metabolism of micronutrients (including vitamin D), and hormonal balance. The association between KC and metabolic diseases, collagen diseases, and psychiatric conditions is also considered. The evidence that is currently available strongly suggests a systemic predisposition toward KC. The understanding that KC may be the local manifestation of a systemic disease could allow earlier detection/prevention and pave the way for research into new treatments addressing the pathogenetic foundations of KC, rather than limiting intervention to the corneal disease.
圆锥角膜（KC）是最常见的角膜扩张性疾病。在本综述中，将讨论该疾病的全身相关因素，包括患者年龄、遗传学、全身炎症状态和免疫系统失调、特应性和揉眼、全身代谢、微量营养素（包括维生素D）的代谢以及激素平衡。还会考虑KC与代谢性疾病、胶原病和精神疾病之间的关联。目前可得的证据有力地表明KC存在全身易感性。认识到KC可能是一种全身性疾病的局部表现，有助于早期检测/预防，并为研究针对KC发病基础的新治疗方法铺平道路，而不是将干预局限于角膜疾病。
