Dunn T S, Nizami W A, Hanna R E
J Helminthol. 1985 Mar;59(1):1-18. doi: 10.1017/s0022149x00034416.
The lymph system of three amphistome parasites from buffaloes, Gigantocotyle explanatum, Gastrothylax crumenifer and Srivastavaia indica was studied using light microscope histochemistry and electron microscopy. In each case the system comprised a single pair of main longitudinal vessels which gave rise to numerous sub-dividing lateral branches. Although the finer lymph channels associated with most internal systems, they did not penetrate the basement membrane of any organ. The lymph vessels were delimited by a unit membrane and separated from adjacent cells by interstitial material. The lymph fluid consisted of an amorphous proteinaceous, lipid-rich matrix, containing naked nuclei and granules of various sizes. Complexes of endoplasmic reticulum were frequently associated with the nuclei. No distinct Golgi bodies or mitochondria were evident. The granules noted throughout the lymph morphologically resembled autophagosomes and lysosomes. Autophagy within the lymph system presumably mobilizes amino acids for subsequent transport to tissues undergoing active protein synthesis. The lymph channels displayed an intimate relationship with the general parenchyma. In particular, numerous protrusions of lymph occurred into the cytoplasm of certain specialized parenchymal cells surrounding the pharynx. Within these 'juxtapharyngeal' cells autophagic degradation of sequestered lymph cytoplasm apparently occurred. In the three species of amphistome studied, the lymph system appears to function in storage and mobilization of amino acids and possibly lipids. It may also serve to distribute other small molecules throughout the body. The detection of haemoglobin in the lymph system of G. crumenifer and S. indica, but not in Gigantocotyle explanatum, suggests a further role in oxygen storage and transport.
利用光学显微镜组织化学和电子显微镜技术，对水牛体内的三种双口吸虫寄生虫（扩展巨盘吸虫、皱襞腹袋吸虫和印度斯里瓦斯塔瓦吸虫）的淋巴系统进行了研究。在每种情况下，该系统均由一对主要的纵向血管组成，这些血管产生了许多细分的侧支。尽管较细的淋巴通道与大多数内部系统相关，但它们并未穿透任何器官的基底膜。淋巴管由单位膜界定，并通过间质物质与相邻细胞分隔开。淋巴液由无定形的富含蛋白质和脂质的基质组成，含有裸露的细胞核和各种大小的颗粒。内质网复合体经常与细胞核相关联。未发现明显的高尔基体或线粒体。在整个淋巴中观察到的颗粒在形态上类似于自噬体和溶酶体。淋巴系统内的自噬大概是为了动员氨基酸以便随后转运到进行活跃蛋白质合成的组织中。淋巴通道与一般实质显示出密切的关系。特别是，大量淋巴突出物进入围绕咽部的某些特化实质细胞的细胞质中。在这些“咽旁”细胞内，显然发生了被隔离的淋巴细胞质的自噬降解。在所研究的三种双口吸虫中，淋巴系统似乎在氨基酸以及可能的脂质的储存和动员中发挥作用。它也可能有助于将其他小分子分布到全身。在皱襞腹袋吸虫和印度斯里瓦斯塔瓦吸虫的淋巴系统中检测到血红蛋白，但在扩展巨盘吸虫中未检测到，这表明其在氧气储存和运输中还有进一步的作用。
