Flannery Dustin D, Ramachandran Veena, Schrag Stephanie J
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 2025 Mar;52(1):15-31. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2024.10.002. Epub 2024 Dec 21.
Early-onset sepsis (EOS) remains a substantial contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Continued epidemiologic surveillance of incidence, risk factors, and microbiology is paramount to developing new prevention strategies and optimizing antibiotic administration. Understanding the risks and benefits of maternal antibiotic exposure and neonatal risk assessment can inform clinical management. Maternal vaccination during pregnancy is a promising avenue for EOS prevention, particularly against group B Streptococcus. When EOS is suspected, ampicillin and gentamicin are the appropriate routine empiric regimen in most cases. Finally, a deeper understanding of the existing disparities in EOS can shed light on how to provide more equitable care.
早发型败血症（EOS）仍然是新生儿发病和死亡的一个重要原因。持续对发病率、风险因素和微生物学进行流行病学监测对于制定新的预防策略和优化抗生素使用至关重要。了解孕产妇抗生素暴露的风险和益处以及新生儿风险评估可为临床管理提供依据。孕期进行孕产妇疫苗接种是预防EOS的一个有前景的途径，尤其是针对B族链球菌。当怀疑患有EOS时，在大多数情况下，氨苄西林和庆大霉素是合适的常规经验性治疗方案。最后，对EOS中现有差异的更深入了解可以为如何提供更公平的护理提供线索。
