El Leithy Asmaa A, Youssef Amira Salah El-Din, Nassar Auhood, Aziz Ramy K, Khaled Nadin M, Mahrous Mina T, Farahat Ghobrial N, Mohamed Aya H, Bakr Yasser Mabrouk
College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini st., Fom El-Khaleeg, Cairo, 11976, Egypt.
Gut Pathog. 2025 Feb 2;17(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s13099-025-00681-9.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the five leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality. During the past decade, the role of the gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in colorectal tumorigenesis has been emphasized. Metagenomics and amplicon-based microbiome profiling provided insights into the potential role of microbial dysbiosis in the development of CRC.
To address the scarcity of information on differential microbiome composition of tumor tissue in comparison to adenomas and the lack of such data from Egyptian patients with CRC.
Long-read nanopore sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons was used to profile the colonic microbiota from fresh colonoscopic biopsy samples of Egyptian patients with CRC and patients with colonic polyps.
Species richness of CRC lesions was significantly higher than that in colonic polyps (p-value = 0.0078), while evenness of the CRC group was significantly lower than the colonic polyps group (p-value = 0.0055). Both species richness and Shannon diversity index of the late onset CRC samples were significantly higher than those of the early onset ones. The Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly higher in the CRC group than in the colonic polyps group (p-value = 0.0054), and significantly higher in samples from early-onset CRC. The Enterococcus spp. were significantly overabundant in patients with rectal cancer and early-onset CRC, while Staphylococcus spp. were significantly higher in patients with sigmoid cancer and late-onset CRC. In addition, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly higher in CRC patients.
Differentiating trends were identified at phylum, genus, and species levels, despite the inter-individual differences. In summary, this study addressed the microbial dysbiosis associated with CRC and colonic polyps groups, paving the way for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of early and late-onset CRC in Egyptian patients.
结直肠癌（CRC）是癌症发病率和死亡率的五大主要原因之一。在过去十年中，肠道微生物群及其失调在结直肠癌发生中的作用得到了强调。宏基因组学和基于扩增子的微生物组分析为微生物失调在结直肠癌发展中的潜在作用提供了见解。
解决与腺瘤相比肿瘤组织微生物组组成差异信息的稀缺问题，以及埃及结直肠癌患者缺乏此类数据的问题。
使用16S rRNA扩增子的长读长纳米孔测序对埃及结直肠癌患者和结肠息肉患者的新鲜结肠镜活检样本中的结肠微生物群进行分析。
结直肠癌病变的物种丰富度显著高于结肠息肉（p值 = 0.0078），而结直肠癌组的均匀度显著低于结肠息肉组（p值 = 0.0055）。晚发性结直肠癌样本的物种丰富度和香农多样性指数均显著高于早发性样本。结直肠癌组的厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门（F/B）比率显著高于结肠息肉组（p值 = 0.0054），在早发性结直肠癌样本中显著更高。肠球菌属在直肠癌患者和早发性结直肠癌患者中显著过度丰富，而葡萄球菌属在乙状结肠癌患者和晚发性结直肠癌患者中显著更高。此外，具核梭杆菌的相对丰度在结直肠癌患者中显著更高。
尽管存在个体差异，但在门、属和种水平上确定了不同的趋势。总之，本研究探讨了与结直肠癌和结肠息肉组相关的微生物失调，为更好地理解埃及患者早发性和晚发性结直肠癌的发病机制铺平了道路。
