Ahmed Syed Zubairuddin, Khan Abdul Samad, Alshehri Maram, Alsebaa Fatimah, Almutawah Fadak, Mohammed Aljeshi Moayad, Tufail Shah Asma, Md Sabri Budi Aslinie, Akhtar Sultan, Abu Hassan Mohamed Ibrahim
Department of Restorative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
PeerJ. 2025 Jan 28;13:e18831. doi: 10.7717/peerj.18831. eCollection 2025.
Teeth with small to moderate cavities can be repaired with enamel resin infiltrants, a form of dental restorative material. In dental materials, it is standard practice to include several filler particles for experimental use in dental resin infiltrates. The resin's BG particles penetrate the lesion and release ions that combine with saliva to provide a mineral-rich environment that can strengthen enamel and heal. This study aimed to compare resin infiltrants based on three types of bioactive glass materials and investigate the penetration depth, microleakage, and the effect of thermal and chemical aging.
A triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-based experimental resin infiltrate was prepared. Initial mixing was done manually for 1 h at room temperature, followed by another mix for 30 min on a magnetic stirrer. This prepared resin, called "PURE RESIN" was then further incorporated with three different types of bioactive glasses, ., Bioglass (45S5), boron-substituted (B-BG), and fluoride-substituted (F-BG). Initial manual mixing for 1 h, followed by ultrasonic mixing for 3 min and then proceeded for the final mixing on a magnetic stirrer for 24 h in a dark room at ambient temperature. Human-extracted teeth were demineralized, and the experimental resins were infiltrated on the demineralized surface. The surface area, pore size, and volume of the demineralized surface were measured. The microleakage and penetration depth were analyzed with the stereomicroscope and micro-CT, respectively. The samples were challenged with the pH cycle for 14 days, followed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermocycling (5,000 cycles) and chemical aging (4 weeks) were conducted, followed by microhardness, surface roughness, and SEM analyses. Statistical analyses were conducted after each test.
The F-BG group achieved the highest initial and day 14 penetration coefficients. There was a superior dye penetration with the microleakage analysis in the F-BG group. The 45S5 group had the highest average penetration depth micro-CT analysis. After thermocycling and chemical aging, the micro-hardness was reduced (non-significantly) among all samples except the F-BG group in post-chemical aging analysis, whereas the surface roughness was significantly increased. SEM images showed the presence of micro-pits on the surfaces after the thermal and chemical aging.
The F-BG group achieved the highest initial and day 14 penetration coefficients. There was a superior dye penetration with the microleakage analysis in the F-BG group. The 45S5 group had the highest average penetration depth micro-CT analysis. After thermocycling and chemical aging, the micro-hardness was reduced (non-significantly) among all samples except the F-BG group in post-chemical aging analysis, whereas the surface roughness was significantly increased. SEM images showed the presence of micro-pits on the surfaces after the thermal and chemical aging.
有中小龋洞的牙齿可用牙釉质树脂渗透剂修复，这是一种牙科修复材料。在牙科材料中，在牙科树脂渗透剂中加入几种填充颗粒用于实验是标准做法。树脂中的生物活性玻璃（BG）颗粒会渗入病变部位并释放离子，这些离子与唾液结合形成富含矿物质的环境，从而强化牙釉质并促进愈合。本研究旨在比较基于三种生物活性玻璃材料的树脂渗透剂，并研究其渗透深度、微渗漏以及热老化和化学老化的影响。
制备了一种基于二缩三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（TEGDMA）和聚氨酯二甲基丙烯酸酯（UDMA）的实验性树脂渗透剂。最初在室温下手动混合1小时，然后在磁力搅拌器上再混合30分钟。这种制备好的树脂，称为“纯树脂”，然后进一步与三种不同类型的生物活性玻璃混合，即生物活性玻璃（45S5）、硼取代（B-BG）和氟取代（F-BG）。最初手动混合1小时，然后超声混合3分钟，接着在室温下于黑暗房间中的磁力搅拌器上进行最终混合24小时。将拔除的人牙脱矿，然后将实验树脂渗透到脱矿表面。测量脱矿表面的表面积、孔径和体积。分别用体视显微镜和微型计算机断层扫描（micro-CT）分析微渗漏和渗透深度。将样品进行14天的pH循环处理，然后进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析。进行热循环（5000次循环）和化学老化（4周），然后进行显微硬度、表面粗糙度和SEM分析。每次测试后进行统计分析。
F-BG组在初始和第14天的渗透系数最高。在微渗漏分析中，F-BG组的染料渗透性更佳。在micro-CT分析中，45S5组的平均渗透深度最高。经过热循环和化学老化后，除F-BG组外，所有样品在化学老化后的显微硬度均有降低（无统计学意义），而表面粗糙度显著增加。SEM图像显示热老化和化学老化后表面存在微坑。
F-BG组在初始和第14天的渗透系数最高。在微渗漏分析中，F-BG组的染料渗透性更佳。在micro-CT分析中，45S5组的平均渗透深度最高。经过热循环和化学老化后，除F-BG组外，所有样品在化学老化后的显微硬度均有降低（无统计学意义），而表面粗糙度显著增加。SEM图像显示热老化和化学老化后表面存在微坑。
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