Wang Qi, Jiang Jie, Liang Yuwei, Li Shanshan, Xia Yiping, Zhang Liangsheng, Wang Xiuyun
Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, West Lake District, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Yazhouwan National Laboratory, No. 8 Huanjin Road, Yazhou District, Sanya 572024, China.
Hortic Res. 2024 Sep 25;12(1):uhae272. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhae272. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Angiosperms are prolific producers of structurally diverse terpenes, which are essential for plant defense responses, as well as the formation of floral scents, fruit flavors, and medicinal constituents. Terpene synthase genes (TPSs) play crucial roles in the biosynthesis of terpenes. This study specifically focuses on the catalytic products of 222 functionally characterized TPSs in 24 angiosperms, which mainly comprise monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and sesterterpene. Our systematic analysis of these TPSs uncovered a significant expansion of the angiosperm-specific TPS-a, b, and g subfamilies in comparison to the TPS-e/f and c subfamilies. The expanded subfamilies can be further partitioned into distinct branches, within which considerable functional innovation and diversification have been observed. Numerous TPSs exhibit bifunctional or even trifunctional activities , yet they exhibit only a single activity , which may be largely determined by their inherent properties, subcellular localization, and the availabilities of endogenous substrates. Additionally, we explored the biological functions of terpenes in various organs and tissues of angiosperms. We propose that the expansion and functional divergence of TPSs contribute to the adaptability and diversity of angiosperms, facilitating the production of a broad spectrum of terpenes that enable diverse interactions with the environment and other organisms. Our findings provide a foundation for comprehending the correlation between the evolutionary features of TPSs and the diversity of terpenes in angiosperms, which is significant for terpene biosynthesis research.
被子植物是结构多样的萜类化合物的多产者，这些萜类化合物对于植物防御反应以及花香、果实风味和药用成分的形成至关重要。萜类合酶基因（TPSs）在萜类化合物的生物合成中起关键作用。本研究特别关注24种被子植物中222个功能已明确的TPSs的催化产物，这些产物主要包括单萜、倍半萜、二萜和链状四萜。我们对这些TPSs的系统分析发现，与TPS-e/f和c亚家族相比，被子植物特有的TPS-a、b和g亚家族有显著扩张。扩张的亚家族可进一步分为不同的分支，在这些分支中观察到了相当多的功能创新和多样化。许多TPSs表现出双功能甚至三功能活性，但它们只表现出单一活性，这可能在很大程度上由其固有特性、亚细胞定位和内源性底物的可用性决定。此外，我们还探索了萜类化合物在被子植物各种器官和组织中的生物学功能。我们认为，TPSs的扩张和功能分化有助于被子植物的适应性和多样性，促进了多种萜类化合物的产生，从而实现与环境和其他生物的多样相互作用。我们的研究结果为理解TPSs的进化特征与被子植物中萜类化合物多样性之间的相关性奠定了基础，这对萜类化合物生物合成研究具有重要意义。
