Yu Jiahui, Wang Yandan, Wei Wei, Wang Xingguo
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2025 Mar;24(2):e70099. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.70099.
The lack of nutrient accumulation during the last trimester and the physiological immaturity at birth make nutrition for preterm infants a significant challenge. Lipids are essential for preterm infant growth, neurodevelopment, immune function, and intestinal health. However, the inclusion of novel lipids in preterm formulas has rarely been discussed. This study discusses specific lipid recommendations for preterm infants according to authoritative legislation based on their physiological characteristics. The gaps in lipid composition, such as fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and complex lipids, between preterm formulas and human milk have been summarized. The focus of this study is mainly on the vital roles of lipids in nutritional support, including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, structural lipids, milk fat global membrane ingredients, and other minor components. These lipids have potential applications in preterm formulas for improving lipid absorption, regulating lipid metabolism, and protecting against intestinal inflammation. The lipidome and microbiome can be used to provide adequately powered evidence of the effects of lipids. This study proposes nutritional strategies for preterm infants and suggests approaches to enhance their lipid quality in preterm formula.
孕晚期营养物质积累不足以及出生时生理不成熟，使得早产儿营养成为一项重大挑战。脂质对早产儿的生长、神经发育、免疫功能和肠道健康至关重要。然而，早产配方奶粉中新型脂质的纳入很少被讨论。本研究根据权威立法，依据早产儿的生理特征，探讨了针对早产儿的具体脂质推荐。总结了早产配方奶粉与人乳在脂肪酸、三酰甘油和复合脂质等脂质成分方面的差距。本研究的重点主要在于脂质在营养支持中的重要作用，包括长链多不饱和脂肪酸、结构脂质、乳脂肪球膜成分以及其他微量成分。这些脂质在早产配方奶粉中具有改善脂质吸收、调节脂质代谢和预防肠道炎症的潜在应用。脂质组学和微生物组学可用于提供关于脂质作用的充分有力证据。本研究提出了早产儿的营养策略，并建议了提高早产配方奶粉脂质质量的方法。
