Ghaimo Florian Emanuel, Mzilangwe Ester Steven, Chacha Samuel, Kuganda Saidi Bakari
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 3;20(2):e0318120. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318120. eCollection 2025.
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are prevalent among people living with HIV (PLHIV), with 2-6 times higher than in the general population. These conditions are linked to increased morbidity and mortality among PLHIV and amplify sexual risk behaviors, thus exacerbating the transmission of HIV. Despite these negative consequences, a paucity of studies have explored this issue in Tanzania. This study aimed to determine AUD's prevalence and associated factors among PLHIV attending Care and Treatment Centers (CTCs).
A multifacility-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 532 PLHIV attending four CTC centers in Moshi Municipal, Kilimanjaro. A multistage cluster systematic sampling method was utilized to choose CTCs and participants. Data were collected using standardized tools through interviewer administration. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA (version 16). Binary logistic regression model was used to examine the associations between AUD and the independent variables, with odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals calculated to quantify the strength of these associations.
The mean age of participants was 46.6 years (SD±13.3). The weighted prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDIT ≥ 8) within the past 12 months was 28.2%. Factors significantly associated with AUD in the final model included male sex (AOR = 4.18, P <0.001), healthcare level (reference: tertiary health facility; secondary health facility AOR = 1.80, P<0.001, primary health facility AOR = 9.65, P<0.001), being divorced or widowed (AOR = 2.82, P<0.001), secondary education (AOR = 1.35, P = 0.005), and probable depression (AOR = 2.48, P <0.001).
The findings revealed a high prevalence of AUD among PLHIV, highlighting the need for policy refinement aimed at enhancing the integration of psychosocial services at CTCs.
酒精使用障碍（AUD）在艾滋病毒感染者（PLHIV）中很普遍，其患病率比普通人群高2至6倍。这些情况与PLHIV的发病率和死亡率增加有关，并会加剧性风险行为，从而使艾滋病毒的传播恶化。尽管存在这些负面后果，但在坦桑尼亚，对这一问题进行研究的却很少。本研究旨在确定在护理和治疗中心（CTC）就诊的PLHIV中AUD的患病率及其相关因素。
在乞力马扎罗莫希市的四个CTC中心对532名PLHIV进行了一项基于多机构的横断面研究。采用多阶段整群系统抽样方法选择CTC和参与者。通过访员管理使用标准化工具收集数据。使用STATA（版本16）进行统计分析。采用二元逻辑回归模型检验AUD与自变量之间的关联，并计算比值比及其95%置信区间以量化这些关联的强度。
参与者的平均年龄为46.6岁（标准差±13.3）。过去12个月内酒精使用障碍（AUDIT≥8）的加权患病率为28.2%。最终模型中与AUD显著相关的因素包括男性（调整后比值比[AOR]=4.18，P<0.001）、医疗保健水平（参照：三级医疗机构；二级医疗机构AOR=1.80，P<0.001，一级医疗机构AOR=9.65，P<0.001）、离婚或丧偶（AOR=2.82，P<0.001）、接受中等教育（AOR=1.35，P=0.005）以及可能患有抑郁症（AOR=2.48，P<0.001）。
研究结果显示PLHIV中AUD的患病率很高，这突出表明需要完善政策，以加强CTC中心心理社会服务的整合。
