Kiwango Frank, Mboya Eric, Ghaimo Florian Emanuel, Ng'unda Neema, Mhina Carl, Gamassa Editruda, Madundo Kim, Mzilangwe Ester Steven, Masika Lyidia Vedasto, Haruna Iddi, Kuganda Saidi Bakari, Mmbaga Blandina, Kaaya Sylvia
Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O.Box 3010, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.
School of Medicine, KCMC University, P.O.Box 2240, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.
BMC Psychiatry. 2025 Apr 2;25(1):320. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-06769-5.
People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) are more prone to generalized anxiety disorder. There is a limited understanding of the prevalence of significant anxiety symptoms and its associated risk factors among adult PWH in the Tanzanian context. This study aims to determine the prevalence of significant anxiety symptoms and related risk factors among adult PWH attending care and treatment clinics in Moshi Municipality, Kilimanjaro Region.
We used a multistage random cluster sampling approach to select participants at four Care and treatment centers (CTCs) of Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital, Majengo, and Pasua Health Centre, by location at tertiary, secondary, and primary health care levels. The seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) screening tool assessed levels of generalized anxiety symptoms with significance set at scores ≥ 10. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Bivariate analyses determined factors associated with significant anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 10) at p-values [Formula: see text]0.20 for inclusion in the multivariate model. Adjusted prevalence ratios with confidence intervals are reported with significance set at a p-value of < 0.05.
Out of 593 PWH participants, 12.48% screened positive for significant anxiety symptoms. Participants treated at the tertiary health facility level (aPR = 2.91, 95% CI: 2.48-3.41, P-value = 0.001), early adulthood 25-44 years (aPR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.27-2.42, P-value = 0.001), with higher anxiety sensitivity (aPR = 3.28, 95% CI: 2.08-5.19, P-value = 0.001), and higher levels of perceived social support (aPR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.34-3.27, P-value = 0.001) showed a higher likelihood of significant generalized anxiety symptoms.
Significant anxiety symptoms were common among adult PWH. Integrating routine generalized anxiety screening and raising PWH's and primary caregivers' awareness of GAD is recommended.
Clinical trial number not applicable.
感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的人（PWH）更容易患广泛性焦虑症。在坦桑尼亚的背景下，对于成年PWH中显著焦虑症状的患病率及其相关危险因素的了解有限。本研究旨在确定在乞力马扎罗地区莫希市接受护理和治疗诊所治疗的成年PWH中显著焦虑症状的患病率及相关危险因素。
我们采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法，在乞力马扎罗基督教医疗中心、马温齐地区转诊医院、马杰engo和帕苏阿健康中心的四个护理和治疗中心（CTC）选择参与者，这些中心分别处于三级、二级和一级医疗保健水平。使用七项广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD-7）筛查工具评估广泛性焦虑症状水平，得分≥10被视为具有显著性。使用半结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学、临床和心理社会特征。双变量分析确定与显著焦虑症状（GAD-7≥10）相关的因素，p值<0.20的因素纳入多变量模型。报告调整后的患病率比值及其置信区间，显著性设定为p值<0.05。
在593名PWH参与者中，12.48%的人筛查出显著焦虑症状呈阳性。在三级医疗机构接受治疗的参与者（调整后的患病率比值[aPR]=2.91，95%置信区间[CI]：2.48-3.41，P值=0.001）、25-44岁的成年早期参与者（aPR=1.75，95%CI：1.27-2.42，P值=0.001）、焦虑敏感性较高的参与者（aPR=3.28，95%CI：2.08-5.19，P值=0.001）以及感知社会支持水平较高的参与者（aPR=2.09；95%CI：1.34-3.27，P值=0.001）出现显著广泛性焦虑症状的可能性更高。
显著焦虑症状在成年PWH中很常见。建议将常规广泛性焦虑筛查纳入其中，并提高PWH及其主要照顾者对广泛性焦虑症的认识。
临床试验编号不适用。
