Aktar Shammi, Islam Abu Reza Md Towfiqul, Mia Md Yousuf, Jannat Jannatun Nahar, Islam Md Saiful, Siddique Md Abu Bakar, Masud Md Abdullah Al, Idris Abubakr M, Pal Subodh Chandra, Senapathi Venkatramanan
Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh.
Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Apr 16. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33141-z.
Despite sporadic and irregular studies on heavy metal(loid)s health risks in water, fish, and soil in the coastal areas of the Bay of Bengal, no chemometric approaches have been applied to assess the human health risks comprehensively. This review aims to employ chemometric analysis to evaluate the long-term spatiotemporal health risks of metal(loid)s e.g., Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, As, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Ni in coastal water, fish, and soils from 2003 to 2023. Across coastal parts, studies on metal(loid)s were distributed with 40% in the southeast, 28% in the south-central, and 32% in the southwest regions. The southeastern area exhibited the highest contamination levels, primarily due to elevated Zn content (156.8 to 147.2 mg/L for Mn in water, 15.3 to 13.2 mg/kg for Cu in fish, and 50.6 to 46.4 mg/kg for Ni in soil), except for a few sites in the south-central region. Health risks associated with the ingestion of Fe, As, and Cd (water), Ni, Cr, and Pb (fish), and Cd, Cr, and Pb (soil) were identified, with non-carcinogenic risks existing exclusively through this route. Moreover, As, Cr, and Ni pose cancer risks for adults and children via ingestion in the southeastern region. Overall non-carcinogenic risks emphasized a significantly higher risk for children compared to adults, with six, two-, and six-times higher health risks through ingestion of water, fish, and soils along the southeastern coast. The study offers innovative sustainable management strategies and remediation policies aimed at reducing metal(loid)s contamination in various environmental media along coastal Bangladesh.
尽管对孟加拉湾沿海地区水、鱼类和土壤中重金属（类金属）的健康风险进行了零星且不规律的研究，但尚未应用化学计量学方法全面评估人类健康风险。本综述旨在运用化学计量学分析来评估2003年至2023年期间沿海地区水、鱼类和土壤中金属（类金属）如铁、锰、锌、镉、砷、铬、铅、铜和镍的长期时空健康风险。在沿海各地，关于金属（类金属）的研究分布情况为：东南部占40%，中南部占28%，西南部占32%。东南部地区的污染水平最高，主要是由于锌含量升高（水中锰为156.8至147.2毫克/升，鱼类中铜为15.3至13.2毫克/千克，土壤中镍为50.6至46.4毫克/千克），中南部地区的少数地点除外。已确定与摄入铁、砷和镉（水）、镍、铬和铅（鱼类）以及镉、铬和铅（土壤）相关的健康风险，且仅通过此途径存在非致癌风险。此外，在东南部地区，砷、铬和镍通过摄入对成人和儿童构成癌症风险。总体而言，非致癌风险强调儿童面临的风险明显高于成人，通过摄入东南部沿海的水、鱼类和土壤，儿童的健康风险分别高出六倍、两倍和六倍。该研究提供了创新的可持续管理策略和修复政策，旨在减少孟加拉国沿海地区各种环境介质中的金属（类金属）污染。
