Huang Zhihua, Ng Li Choo, Mok Irene, Tan Chieh Suai, Lim Cynthia Ciwei
Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Nephron. 2025;149(7):422-434. doi: 10.1159/000543948. Epub 2025 Feb 3.
BACKGROUND: Fluid overload is a common manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased hospitalizations and death. However, severe symptomatic fluid overload is potentially preventable with early recognition of mild fluid overload and timely institution of appropriate pharmacotherapy and fluid restriction. We implemented and evaluated the outcomes of a nurse-led clinic that incorporated objective fluid volume assessment using body impedance analysis (BIA) into structured patient education and action plan coaching to patients with CKD and fluid overload. METHODS: This was a single-center prospective pre-post-implementation study of adults who participated in the program between August 2022 and April 2024. Patients were eligible if they had CKD not requiring dialysis and had fluid overload and/or systolic blood pressure (BP) >160 mm Hg or diastolic BP >100 mm Hg. The clinical effectiveness outcomes were symptoms and signs of fluid overload and improvement in BP. The patient-reported effectiveness outcomes were chronic disease self-management assessed using the Partner in Health (PIH) questionnaire and health-related quality of life assessed by the EuroQOL-5 Dimension (EQ5D5L) survey. The clinical safety outcomes were (1) hypotension with systolic BP <90 mm Hg and (2) worsening kidney function. RESULTS: Among 107 patients referred to the nurse-led program, 96 attended the first visit. Median age was 68.5 (IQR 60.2, 77.3) years, and eGFR was 21.6 (14.0, 39.7) mL/min/1.73 m2. Almost all participants (93.8%) had symptoms of fluid overload within the past 1 month before the first review. BIA was performed for 52 (54.2%) patients, and the median overhydration was 2.4 (1.3, 3.6) L. The second and third visits were attended by 38 (39.6%) and 28 (29.2%) patients, respectively. For these 28 patients at program completion, symptoms and signs of fluid overload were less frequent and systolic BP (137 [121, 143] vs. 151 [132, 166] mm Hg, p = 0.03) and self-management (PIH score 96 [89, 104] vs. 72 [57, 88], p = 0.001) had improved compared to their baseline visit. EQ5D5L scores were significantly different. None experienced hypotension (systolic BP <90 mm Hg), and kidney function did not change significantly during follow-up. CONCLUSION: A nurse-led program that incorporated objective fluid volume assessment, structured patient education, and action plan coaching for patients with CKD and fluid overload improved the BP and self-management of those who completed the program.
背景:液体超负荷是慢性肾脏病(CKD)的常见表现,与住院率和死亡率增加相关。然而,通过早期识别轻度液体超负荷并及时采用适当的药物治疗和液体限制措施,严重的症状性液体超负荷有可能得到预防。我们实施并评估了一个由护士主导的诊所的效果,该诊所将使用人体阻抗分析(BIA)进行客观液体量评估纳入对CKD和液体超负荷患者的结构化患者教育及行动计划指导中。 方法:这是一项单中心前瞻性实施前-实施后研究,研究对象为2022年8月至2024年4月期间参与该项目的成年人。如果患者患有不需要透析的CKD且存在液体超负荷和/或收缩压(BP)>160 mmHg或舒张压BP>100 mmHg,则符合入选条件。临床有效性结局为液体超负荷的症状和体征以及血压改善情况。患者报告的有效性结局为使用健康伙伴(PIH)问卷评估的慢性病自我管理情况以及通过欧洲五维健康量表(EQ5D5L)调查评估的健康相关生活质量。临床安全性结局为:(1)收缩压<90 mmHg的低血压;(2)肾功能恶化。 结果:在转介至由护士主导项目的107例患者中,96例参加了首次就诊。中位年龄为68.5(四分位间距60.2,77.3)岁,估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)为21.6(14.0,39.7)mL/min/1.73 m²。几乎所有参与者(93.8%)在首次复查前1个月内有液体超负荷症状。52例(54.2%)患者进行了BIA,中位水过多量为2.4(1.3,3.6)L。第二次和第三次就诊的患者分别为38例(39.6%)和28例(29.2%)。对于项目结束时的这28例患者,与基线就诊相比,液体超负荷的症状和体征频率降低,收缩压(137[121,143] vs. 151[132,166] mmHg,p = 0.03)和自我管理(PIH评分96[89,104] vs. 72[57,88],p = 0.001)有所改善。EQ5D5L评分有显著差异。无人出现低血压(收缩压<90 mmHg),随访期间肾功能无显著变化。 结论:一个由护士主导的项目,该项目为CKD和液体超负荷患者纳入客观液体量评估、结构化患者教育及行动计划指导,改善了完成该项目患者的血压和自我管理情况。
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