Complications and Clinical Outcomes of Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Patients With Primary Hypercoagulable Disorders.

STUDY DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the complications of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) in patients with primary hypercoagulable disorders and to compare outcomes between anterior and posterior spine fusions in this patient population.

METHODS

The PearlDiver national patient database was queried for patients with primary hypercoagulable disorders who underwent ALIF. Primary endpoints included the prevalence of hypercoagulable disorders in patients who underwent ALIF, incidence of perioperative anticoagulation utilization, as well as the 30-day risks of postoperative complications, readmissions, and revision surgeries. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to compare outcomes between hypercoagulable patients and non-hypercoagulable patients undergoing ALIF and between hypercoagulable patients undergoing anterior vs posterior lumbar fusion.

RESULTS

Of the 211,390 patients who underwent ALIF, 3380 (1.60%) had a hypercoagulable disorder, with only 6.72% receiving perioperative anticoagulation. Within 30 days of ALIF, hypercoagulable disorders were identified as independent risk factors for hospital readmissions and both medical and surgical complications. Compared to posterior spine fusions, the anterior approach poses a greater risk for complications in this patient population.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with hypercoagulable disorders undergoing ALIF are at increased risk for readmissions and postoperative complications compared to those with normal coagulation profiles. While the posterior approach may be a safer option in this patient population, further research is needed to clarify the safest surgical approach for this high-risk population.