Verbecque Evi, Johnson Charlotte, Scaccabarozzi Gaia, Molteni Massimo, Klingels Katrijn, Crippa Alessandro
Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
Eur J Pediatr. 2025 Feb 4;184(2):174. doi: 10.1007/s00431-025-06009-8.
Motor behavior alterations are common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism, developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the extent of motor impairment remains unclear. In autism and ADHD, motor difficulties may be linked to co-occurring DCD, which often goes unrecognized. We aimed to map the prevalence of DCD in autism and ADHD, and to explore motor skill difficulties using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2), by comparing children with typical motor development (TMD) with those who have NDDs, and by identifying specific profiles among NDDs. A combined sample of participants (n = 215), including autistic children with(out) intellectual disability (ID) and children with ADHD, DCD, and TMD, performed the MABC-2. Depending on co-occurring DCD/ID, subgroups were composed: autism-only (n = 17), autism + ID (n = 17), autism + DCD (n = 40), ADHD-only (n = 14), ADHD + DCD (n = 12), DCD (n = 25), and TMD (n = 59). MABC-2 differences between TMD/NDDs (Mann-Whitney U test) and among NDDs (Kruskal-Wallis test) were assessed. DCD occurred in 70.2% of the autistic children without ID and in 46.2% of those with ADHD. Children with NDDs performed significantly worse than the TMD (p < 0.001). Manual dexterity skills, aiming and catching, and balance were significantly different across the NDD subgroups (p ≤ 0.001). Particularly children with ( +)DCD and autism + ID performed worse on manual dexterity skills. Children with ( +)DCD were outperformed on aiming and catching. All subgroups, except the ADHD-only group, performed poorly on balance.
Distinct motor difficulties were identified across various NDDs. Children with co-occurring ID or DCD exhibit unique challenges, stressing the importance of motor profile subgrouping.
• Despite the common occurrence of motor behavior in neurodevelopmental disorders, the extent of motor impairment remains unclear. • Motor difficulties in autism and ADHD may be linked to co-occurring DCD, which often goes unrecognized.
• DCD occurred in 70% of the autistic children without ID and in 46% of those with ADHD. • Children with co-occurring ID or DCD exhibit unique challenges, stressing the importance of motor profile subgrouping.
运动行为改变在神经发育障碍（NDDs）中很常见，包括自闭症、发育性协调障碍（DCD）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD），但运动障碍的程度仍不清楚。在自闭症和ADHD中，运动困难可能与共病的DCD有关，而DCD往往未被识别。我们旨在通过比较典型运动发育（TMD）儿童与患有NDDs的儿童，并确定NDDs中的特定特征，来确定自闭症和ADHD中DCD的患病率，并使用儿童运动评估量表第二版（MABC - 2）探索运动技能困难。包括有（无）智力障碍（ID）的自闭症儿童以及患有ADHD、DCD和TMD的儿童在内的参与者合并样本（n = 215）进行了MABC - 2测试。根据共病的DCD/ID情况，组成了以下亚组：单纯自闭症（n = 17）、自闭症 + ID（n = 17）、自闭症 + DCD（n = 40）、单纯ADHD（n = 14）、ADHD + DCD（n = 12）、DCD（n = 25）和TMD（n = 59）。评估了TMD/NDDs之间（曼 - 惠特尼U检验）以及NDDs之间（克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验）的MABC - 2差异。70.2%无ID的自闭症儿童和46.2%的ADHD儿童患有DCD。患有NDDs的儿童表现明显比TMD儿童差（p < 0.001）。在NDDs亚组中，手部灵巧技能、瞄准和接球以及平衡能力存在显著差异（p≤0.001）。特别是患有（+）DCD和自闭症 + ID的儿童在手部灵巧技能方面表现更差。患有（+）DCD的儿童在瞄准和接球方面表现较差。除单纯ADHD组外，所有亚组在平衡能力方面表现都很差。
在各种NDDs中发现了不同的运动困难。患有共病ID或DCD的儿童面临独特挑战，强调了运动特征亚组划分的重要性。
• 尽管神经发育障碍中常见运动行为改变，但运动障碍的程度仍不清楚。
• 自闭症和ADHD中的运动困难可能与共病的DCD有关，而DCD往往未被识别。
• 70%无ID的自闭症儿童和46%的ADHD儿童患有DCD。
• 患有共病ID或DCD的儿童面临独特挑战，强调了运动特征亚组划分的重要性。
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