Oladimeji K E, Gumede S, Nyatela A, Nonyukela S, Mohale R, Lalla-Edward S T, Dwarka D
Ezintsha, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Prev Med Rep. 2025 Jan 17;50:102977. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102977. eCollection 2025 Feb.
Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Substance use such as alcohol, tobacco and drugs, is one of various factors attributable to elevated blood pressure This study describes the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and associated factors among individuals who self-reported to substance use.
This descriptive cross-sectional study involved use of secondary data from the Integrating HIV and Heart Health in South Africa study collected between August 2022 to May 2024. Primary outcome, elevated blood pressure was classified as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Data was analysed using STATA version 17. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with elevated blood pressure.
Of the 2148 participants included, 57.3 % (1230/2148) were males. The participants' median age was 41 years, and 35.9 % (772/2148) had elevated blood pressure, however only 16,9 % of the participants were receiving anti-hypertensive treatment. Independent factors associated with elevated blood pressure were increasing age - 30-39 years old (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.78 [95 %CI 1.42-5.41], 40-49 years old (aOR 3.81 [95 %CI 1.95-7.46]), 50+ years (aOR 5.00 [95 %CI 2.45-10.20] and having comorbidities (aOR 2.35 [95 %CI 1.31-4.22]).
Prevalence of elevated blood pressure was high and only a few of these were on anti-hypertensive treatment. Most participants reported using alcohol, including both alcohol and tobacco concurrently. Findings highlight the need for substance use interventions as part of cardiovascular disease management strategies.
血压升高是心血管疾病（如高血压）的主要危险因素，也是撒哈拉以南非洲地区的主要死因。酒精、烟草和毒品等物质使用是导致血压升高的多种因素之一。本研究描述了自我报告有物质使用情况的个体中血压升高的患病率及相关因素。
这项描述性横断面研究使用了2022年8月至2024年5月期间在南非开展的“整合艾滋病毒与心脏健康”研究中的二手数据。主要结局指标血压升高被定义为收缩压≥140 mmHg且舒张压≥90 mmHg。数据使用STATA 17版本进行分析。进行逻辑回归分析以确定与血压升高相关的因素。
在纳入的2148名参与者中，57.3%（1230/2148）为男性。参与者的中位年龄为41岁，35.9%（772/2148）血压升高，但只有16.9%的参与者正在接受抗高血压治疗。与血压升高相关的独立因素包括年龄增长——30至39岁（调整后的优势比[aOR] 2.78 [95%置信区间1.42 - 5.41]）、40至49岁（aOR 3.81 [95%置信区间1.95 - 7.46]）、50岁及以上（aOR 5.00 [95%置信区间2.45 - 10.20]）以及患有合并症（aOR 2.35 [95%置信区间1.31 - 4.22]）。
血压升高的患病率很高，其中只有少数人接受抗高血压治疗。大多数参与者报告使用酒精，包括同时使用酒精和烟草。研究结果凸显了将物质使用干预作为心血管疾病管理策略一部分的必要性。
