Ezeala Oluchukwu M, McCormick Nicholas P, Meininger Christopher L, Fish Hannah, Beckner John, Ha David, Snead Rebecca, Vance Heather, Westrick Salisa C
Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 4306 Walker Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
National Community Pharmacists Association, 100 Daingerfield Road Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA.
Vaccine X. 2025 Jan 16;23:100608. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100608. eCollection 2025 Mar.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Community pharmacies may not consistently check patients' immunization records from Immunization Information Systems (IIS) before administering vaccines. Therefore, this study aimed to identify key factors associated with vaccine records retrieval from IIS among community pharmacies.
A cross-sectional survey of 9446 members of the United States National Community Pharmacists Association was conducted from September-November 2022. There were 492 responses (response rate 5.2 %) received. The analysis included 202 participants who provided immunization services in 2021, administered vaccines besides COVID-19 or influenza, and completed ≥80 % of the questionnaire. The dependent variable was participants' self-reported frequency of retrieving immunization records from IIS (categorized as high or low IIS users). The independent variables considered were participant/pharmacy characteristics, IIS knowledge and perceptions about innovation characteristics, process, and inner settings, as identified by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Exploratory factor analysis identified ten perception scales, and all had Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of >0.70.
Approximately 65 % of the respondents were high IIS users ("frequently"/"always") while 35 % were low IIS users ("never"/"rarely"/"occasionally"). A bivariate analyses of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables indicated significant differences in job title, state requirement for documentation in IIS, and eight scales: perceived benefit of IIS in consolidating patient records, optimizing immunization service delivery process, perceived IIS usability, process of engaging staff in IIS implementation, leadership support in encouraging IIS utilization, team values, open communications, and organizational needs fulfillment. A multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that process optimization ( = .009) and leadership support ( = .018) were the two significant predictors of being in the high IIS user group when accounting for other variables.
Interventions to encourage independent community pharmacies to retrieve vaccine records from IIS should focus on enhancing the efficiency of the IIS process and leadership support.
背景/目的：社区药房在接种疫苗前可能无法始终如一地查看患者免疫信息系统（IIS）中的免疫记录。因此，本研究旨在确定社区药房中与从IIS检索疫苗记录相关的关键因素。
于2022年9月至11月对美国全国社区药剂师协会的9446名成员进行了横断面调查。共收到492份回复（回复率5.2%）。分析纳入了202名在2021年提供免疫服务、接种除新冠病毒疫苗或流感疫苗以外的其他疫苗且完成问卷≥80%的参与者。因变量是参与者自我报告的从IIS检索免疫记录的频率（分为高IIS用户或低IIS用户）。所考虑的自变量为参与者/药房特征、IIS知识以及对创新特征、流程和内部环境的认知，这些是由实施研究综合框架确定的。探索性因素分析确定了十个认知量表，且所有量表的克朗巴哈α系数均>0.70。
约65%的受访者是高IIS用户（“经常”/“总是”），而35%是低IIS用户（“从不”/“很少”/“偶尔”）。对因变量和自变量之间关系的双变量分析表明，在职称、IIS文件记录的州要求以及八个量表方面存在显著差异：IIS在整合患者记录方面的感知益处、优化免疫服务提供流程、IIS的感知可用性、让工作人员参与IIS实施的过程、鼓励使用IIS的领导支持、团队价值观、开放沟通以及组织需求满足。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，在考虑其他变量时工艺优化（P = 0.009）和领导支持（P = 0.018）是高IIS用户组的两个显著预测因素。
鼓励独立社区药房从IIS检索疫苗记录的干预措施应侧重于提高IIS流程的效率和领导支持。
