J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2022 Nov-Dec;62(6):1816-1822.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.07.003. Epub 2022 Jul 15.
Pharmacy accessibility is key for the emerging role of community pharmacists as providers of patient-centered, medication management services in addition to traditional dispensing roles.
To quantify population access to community pharmacies across the United States.
We obtained addresses for pharmacy locations in the United States from the National Council for Prescription Drug Programs and geocoded each. For a 1% sample of a U.S. synthetic population, we calculated the driving distance to the closest pharmacy using ArcGIS. We estimated the proportion of population living within 1, 2, 5, and 10 miles of a community pharmacy. We quantified the role of chain vs regional franchises or independently owned pharmacies in providing access across degrees of urbanicity.
We identified 61,715 pharmacies, including 37,954 (61.5%) chains, 23,521 (38.1%) regional franchises or independently owned pharmacies, and 240 (0.4%) government pharmacies. In large metropolitan areas, 62.8% of the pharmacies were chains; however, in rural areas, 76.5% of pharmacies were franchises or independent pharmacies. Across the overall U.S. population, 48.1% lived within 1 mile of any pharmacy, 73.1% within 2 miles, 88.9% within 5 miles, and 96.5% within 10 miles. Across the United States, 8.3% of counties had at least 50% of residents with a distance greater than 10 miles. These low-access counties were concentrated in Alaska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Montana.
Community pharmacies may serve as accessible locations for patient-centered, medication management services that enhance the health and wellness of communities. Although chain pharmacies represent the majority of pharmacy locations across the country, access to community pharmacies in rural areas predominantly relies on regional franchises and independently owned pharmacies.
除了传统的配药角色外，药剂师作为以患者为中心、提供药物管理服务的提供者，其作用正在不断凸显，而药剂的可及性则是关键。
量化美国各地社区药店的人口可及性。
我们从国家处方药物计划理事会获取了美国各地药店的地址，并对其进行了地理编码。对于美国合成人口的 1%样本，我们使用 ArcGIS 计算了到最近药店的驾车距离。我们估计了居住在距离社区药店 1 英里、2 英里、5 英里和 10 英里范围内的人口比例。我们量化了连锁店与区域特许经营店或独立拥有的药店在不同城市程度的可达性方面的作用。
我们发现了 61715 家药店，其中包括 37954 家（61.5%）连锁店、23521 家（38.1%）区域特许经营店或独立拥有的药店以及 240 家（0.4%）政府药店。在大都市地区，62.8%的药店是连锁店；然而，在农村地区，76.5%的药店是特许经营店或独立药店。在美国总人口中，48.1%的人住在任何一家药店 1 英里范围内，73.1%的人住在 2 英里范围内，88.9%的人住在 5 英里范围内，96.5%的人住在 10 英里范围内。在美国，8.3%的县至少有 50%的居民距离药店超过 10 英里。这些低可达性的县集中在阿拉斯加、南达科他州、北达科他州和蒙大拿州。
社区药店可以作为以患者为中心、提供药物管理服务的可及性地点，从而提高社区的健康和福利。虽然连锁店在全国范围内占据了大多数的药店位置，但农村地区的药店主要依赖于区域特许经营店和独立拥有的药店。
