Rodrigues Paulo Sergio, Gomes Suzete Rodrigues, Ramos-de-Souza Jucicleide, Fernandez Monica Ammon, Maldonado-Junior Arnaldo, Thiengo Silvana Carvalho
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Malacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2025 Feb 3;120:e240011. doi: 10.1590/0074-02760240011. eCollection 2025.
The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which is endemic to Southeast Asia and adjacent Pacific Islands, has already been recorded in more than 30 countries, including Brazil and other South American nations. It is one of the principal etiological agents of the zoonosis Eosinophilic Meningitis (EoM), which has a number of different species of terrestrial gastropods that act as its intermediate hosts.
The present study investigated the occurrence of the larvae of this nematode in specimens of terrestrial molluscs collected in half of the municipalities of the Brazilian State of Rio de Janeiro.
The study is based on the surveillance of this nematode in the Brazilian State of Rio de Janeiro, where terrestrial snails and slugs were collected in more than half of the state's municipalities (46 in all), and examined for parasitological infections. The nematode larvae retrieved from these specimens were identified based on their morphology and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA sequences.
Angiostrongylid larvae were found in 230 (8.8%) of the 2,600 terrestrial molluscs examined, collected from 26 municipalities. Overall, 14 terrestrial gastropod species were identified, including both native and exotic taxa, and six were found to be infected naturally by A. cantonensis. The natural infection rates by Angiostrongylus in the different terrestrial molluscs species were 12.5% in Angustipes erinaceus, 9.7% in Achatina fulica, 6.8% in Bradybaena similaris, 6.3% in Sarasinula linguaeformis, 3.9% in Leptinaria unilamellata, and 4.6% in Subulina octona. A. fulica was the most frequent and extensively distributed species, with infected snails being found in 22 municipalities.
The data from this first comprehensive survey of A. cantonensis in Rio de Janeiro highlights the potential epidemiological risk of human infection in this state. Mapping the spread of infected molluscs will also provide essential information for the evaluation of the risk of human infection, and should help local health authorities to provide a faster and more accurate diagnosis whenever neuroangiostrongyliasis is suspected.
广州管圆线虫是一种东南亚及邻近太平洋岛屿的地方性线虫，已在包括巴西和其他南美国家在内的30多个国家被记录。它是嗜酸性粒细胞性脑膜炎（EoM）人畜共患病的主要病原体之一，有多种不同种类的陆生腹足类动物作为其中间宿主。
本研究调查了在巴西里约热内卢州一半城市收集的陆生软体动物标本中该线虫幼虫的出现情况。
该研究基于对巴西里约热内卢州这种线虫的监测，在该州一半以上的城市（共46个）收集陆生蜗牛和蛞蝓，并检查其寄生虫感染情况。从这些标本中检索到的线虫幼虫根据其形态和细胞色素氧化酶I（COI）线粒体DNA序列进行鉴定。
在检查的2600只陆生软体动物中，有230只（8.8%）发现了管圆线虫幼虫，这些软体动物来自26个城市。总共鉴定出14种陆生腹足类动物，包括本地和外来分类群，其中6种被发现自然感染广州管圆线虫。不同陆生软体动物种类中广州管圆线虫的自然感染率分别为：刺猬蛞蝓12.5%，非洲大蜗牛9.7%，同型巴蜗牛6.8%，舌形萨拉螺6.3%，单褶细钻螺3.9%，八角土蜗4.6%。非洲大蜗牛是最常见且分布最广的物种，在22个城市发现了受感染的蜗牛。
里约热内卢州对广州管圆线虫的首次全面调查数据突出了该州人类感染的潜在流行病学风险。绘制受感染软体动物的分布图也将为评估人类感染风险提供重要信息，并应有助于当地卫生当局在怀疑有嗜酸性粒细胞增多性脑脊髓膜炎时提供更快、更准确的诊断。
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