de Jong Menno J, Anaya Gabriel, Niamir Aidin, Pérez-González Javier, Broggini Camilla, Del Pozo Alberto Membrillo, Nebenfuehr Marcel, de la Peña Eva, Ruiz-Olmo Jordi, Seoane Jose Manuel, Vedel Giovanni, Barboiron Aurelie, Bartoš Luděk, Buzan Elena, Carden Ruth F, Darchiashvili Giorgi, Frantz Alain C, Gačić Dragan, Gérard Adrien, Gort-Esteve Araceli, Guillaumat Etienne, Hantschmann Anja, Hemami Mahmoud-Reza, Höglund Jacob, de Jong Joost F, Karaiskou Nikoleta, Kerdikoshvili Niko, Kern Christian, Konjevic Dean, Koubek Petr, Krojerová-Prokešová Jarmila, McDevitt Allan D, Merker Stefan, Pellerin Maryline, Pfenninger Markus, Røed Knut H, Saint-Andrieux Christine, Sarigol Fatih, Sykut Maciej, Triantafyllidis Alexandros, Pemberton Josephine, Saarma Urmas, Iacolina Laura, Niedziałkowska Magdalena, Zachos Frank E, Carranza Juan, Janke Axel
Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberg Institute, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany.
Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Mol Biol Evol. 2025 Feb 3;42(2). doi: 10.1093/molbev/msaf031.
Sex chromosomes differ in their inheritance properties from autosomes and hence may encode complementary information about past demographic events. We compiled and analyzed a range-wide resequencing data set of the red deer (Cervus elaphus), one of the few Eurasian herbivores of the Late Pleistocene megafauna still found throughout much of its historic range. Our analyses of 144 whole genomes reveal striking discrepancies between the population clusters suggested by autosomal and X-chromosomal data. We postulate that the genetic legacy of Late Glacial population structure is better captured and preserved by the X chromosome than by autosomes, for two reasons. First, X chromosomes have a lower Ne and hence lose genetic variation faster during isolation in glacial refugia, causing increased population differentiation. Second, following postglacial recolonization and secondary contact, immigrant males pass on their X chromosomes to female offspring only, which effectively halves the migration rate when gene flow is male mediated. Our study illustrates how a comparison between autosomal and sex chromosomal phylogeographic signals unravels past demographic processes that otherwise would remain hidden.
性染色体在遗传特性上与常染色体不同，因此可能编码有关过去人口事件的补充信息。我们汇编并分析了马鹿（Cervus elaphus）全范围的重测序数据集，马鹿是晚更新世巨型动物群中少数仍在其大部分历史分布范围内被发现的欧亚食草动物之一。我们对144个全基因组的分析揭示了常染色体和X染色体数据所表明的种群聚类之间存在显著差异。我们推测，末次冰期晚期种群结构的遗传遗产通过X染色体比通过常染色体能得到更好的捕捉和保存，原因有两个。第一，X染色体的有效种群大小较低，因此在冰期避难所隔离期间遗传变异丧失得更快，导致种群分化增加。第二，在冰期后重新定殖和二次接触之后，移民雄性仅将其X染色体传递给雌性后代，当基因流由雄性介导时，这有效地将迁移率减半。我们的研究说明了常染色体和性染色体系统发育地理信号之间的比较如何揭示过去那些否则仍将隐藏的人口过程。
