Jaschke Nikolai P, Wang Andrew
Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology) and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Immunity. 2025 Feb 11;58(2):279-294. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2025.01.013. Epub 2025 Feb 4.
As a highly diverse and mobile organ, the immune system is uniquely equipped to participate in tissue responses in a tunable manner, depending on the number, type, and nature of cells deployed to the respective organ. Most acute organismal stressors that threaten survival-predation, infection, poisoning, and others-induce pronounced redistribution of immune cells across tissue compartments. Here, we review the current understanding of leukocyte compartmentalization under homeostatic and noxious conditions. We argue that leukocyte shuttling between compartments is a function of local tissue demands, which are linked to the organ's contribution to adaptive physiology at steady state and upon challenge. We highlight the neuroendocrine signals that relay and organize this trafficking behavior and outline mechanisms underlying the functional diversification of leukocyte responses. In this context, we discuss important areas of future inquiry and the implications of this scientific space for clinical medicine in the era of targeted immunomodulation.
作为一个高度多样化且具有流动性的器官，免疫系统具有独特的能力，能够根据部署到各个器官的细胞数量、类型和性质，以可调节的方式参与组织反应。大多数威胁生存的急性机体应激源——捕食、感染、中毒等——会导致免疫细胞在组织隔室间发生显著的重新分布。在此，我们综述了目前对稳态和有害条件下白细胞区室化的理解。我们认为，隔室间白细胞的穿梭是局部组织需求的一种功能，而局部组织需求与器官在稳态和受到挑战时对适应性生理的贡献相关。我们强调了传递和组织这种运输行为的神经内分泌信号，并概述了白细胞反应功能多样化的潜在机制。在此背景下，我们讨论了未来研究的重要领域以及这一科学领域在靶向免疫调节时代对临床医学的影响。
