Lv Penghao, Wang Zhichao, Chen Haowei, Chen Yanru, Liao Hanlin, Wei Kaiyue, Lv Shuying, Cui Min
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Virulence. 2025 Dec;16(1):2541711. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2025.2541711. Epub 2025 Aug 15.
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly lethal pathogen, poses a catastrophic threat to global pork production. While some commercial vaccines exist, their availability remains regional limitations. This review investigates the mechanistic interplay between ASFV and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), with a particular focus on viral evasion strategies that disrupt antigen presentation pathways. Although current understanding of ASFV immunology has largely focused on monocyte/macrophage infection, we provide a systematic analysis of ASFV-mediated immunosuppression across various APCs, including dendritic cells (DCs), B lymphocytes, and γδ T cells, and compare these mechanisms with those employed by other viral pathogens. Key objectives include: (1) synthesizing ASFV-induced dysregulation of antigen presentation, (2) identifying critical gaps in APC-virus interactions, and (3) guiding vaccine development priorities. By highlighting understudied DC-ASFV interplay and potential molecular targets, this work provides a strategic framework for next-generation vaccine design based on host-pathogen conflict at the antigen presentation interface.
非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）是一种高致死性病原体，对全球猪肉生产构成灾难性威胁。虽然有一些商业疫苗，但它们的供应仍存在地区限制。本综述研究了ASFV与抗原呈递细胞（APC）之间的机制相互作用，特别关注破坏抗原呈递途径的病毒逃避策略。尽管目前对ASFV免疫学的理解主要集中在单核细胞/巨噬细胞感染上，但我们对ASFV介导的各种APC（包括树突状细胞（DC）、B淋巴细胞和γδT细胞）的免疫抑制进行了系统分析，并将这些机制与其他病毒病原体所采用的机制进行了比较。主要目标包括：（1）综合ASFV诱导的抗原呈递失调，（2）确定APC-病毒相互作用中的关键差距，以及（3）指导疫苗开发重点。通过强调对DC-ASFV相互作用及潜在分子靶点的研究不足，这项工作为基于抗原呈递界面上宿主-病原体冲突的下一代疫苗设计提供了一个战略框架。
