El Kinany Khaoula, Hatime Zineb, El Asri Achraf, Benslimane Abdelilah, Mint Sidi Deoula Meimouna, Zarrouq Btissame, Lagiou Pagona, El Rhazi Karima
Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Fez, Morocco.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
Public Health Nutr. 2025 Feb 6;28(1):e48. doi: 10.1017/S1368980025000199.
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a dietary pattern associated with several health benefits, including reduction of risk for various cancers. We conducted a study to investigate associations between adherence to the MD and colorectal cancer (CRC) subtype risk among Moroccan adults.
A matched case-control study.
The five major university hospitals in Morocco.
A total of 3032 subjects (1516 CRC patients and 1516 controls) matched on age, sex and centre were recruited between September 2009 and February 2017 at five major hospitals in Morocco. Diet was assessed using a validated FFQ. Adherence to the MD was assessed through a score, ranging from 0 (no adherence) to 10 (maximal adherence) and divided into three categories (low, middle and high). Conditional logistic regression was performed to calculate multivariable OR and 95 % CI with low adherence (score 0-3) as referent, adjusting for potential confounding factors.
Close adherence to the MD (score 6-9) was associated with reduced risk of CRC (ORa = 0.74, 95 % CI 0.63, 0.86), rectal cancer (ORa = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.58, 0.90) and colon cancer (ORa = 0.74, 95 % CI 0.60, 0.92).
Our study, conducted in a southern Mediterranean population, adds to the evidence suggesting a protective effect of MD against CRC risk.
地中海饮食（MD）是一种与多种健康益处相关的饮食模式，包括降低患各种癌症的风险。我们开展了一项研究，以调查摩洛哥成年人中坚持MD与结直肠癌（CRC）亚型风险之间的关联。
一项匹配病例对照研究。
摩洛哥的五家主要大学医院。
2009年9月至2017年2月期间，在摩洛哥的五家主要医院招募了总共3032名受试者（1516例CRC患者和1516名对照），根据年龄、性别和中心进行匹配。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食情况。通过一个分数评估对MD的依从性，分数范围从0（无依从性）到10（最大依从性），并分为三类（低、中、高）。以低依从性（分数0 - 3）为参照，进行条件逻辑回归以计算多变量OR和95%CI，并对潜在混杂因素进行调整。
密切坚持MD（分数6 - 9）与CRC风险降低相关（ORa = 0.74，95%CI 0.63，0.86），直肠癌（ORa = 0.73，95%CI 0.58，0.90）和结肠癌（ORa = 0.74，95%CI 0.60，0.92）也是如此。
我们在地中海南部人群中进行的研究进一步证明了MD对CRC风险具有保护作用。
