Fadaie Mahmood, Shahmoradi Zabihollah, Khanahmad Hossein
Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Res Pharm Sci. 2024 Dec 15;19(6):729-745. doi: 10.4103/RPS.RPS_145_24. eCollection 2024 Dec.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cutaneous leishmaniasis poses significant health and socioeconomic challenges, making vaccine development a top priority, especially in endemic regions. Cysteine proteases, KMP-11, and HASPB proteins are promising candidates for leishmaniasis vaccine development owing to their immunogenic properties and capacity to provoke robust immune responses, as evidenced by different investigations. This study aimed to design a recombinant chimeric protein (MEV-Fc) vaccine using multi-epitopes from these proteins. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The antigens were subjected to immunoinformatic prediction and screening of HTL, CTL, and B-cell epitopes. The multi-epitope protein was designed with significantly high-scoring epitopes and suitable linkers. Natural adjuvants were then added to enhance immunogenicity. Vaccine potency was innovatively improved by covalently fusing human IgG1 Fc with multi-epitope protein. To investigate how the MEV-Fc vaccine interacts with Toll-like receptors, molecular docking, multi-scale normal mode analysis simulation, and computational immune simulation were employed to study humoral and cellular immune responses. FINDINGS/RESULTS: The results demonstrated the vaccine's antigenicity, stability, and nontoxicity. The structural validation confirmed the accuracy of the 3D models, indicating robust interactions with TLR2 and TLR4, with binding free energies of -1269.9 and -1128.7 (kcal/mol), respectively. Immune simulation results showed significant increases in IgM and IgG antibody levels following three vaccinations, along with enhanced activation of B cells, helper T cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings provide novel insights for developing effective candidates for cutaneous leishmaniasis vaccines. However, laboratory experiments are necessary to evaluate its protective effects.
背景与目的:皮肤利什曼病对健康和社会经济构成重大挑战,这使得疫苗研发成为重中之重,尤其是在流行地区。半胱氨酸蛋白酶、KMP-11和HASPB蛋白因其免疫原性以及引发强烈免疫反应的能力,成为利什曼病疫苗研发的有前景的候选物,不同研究已证实这一点。本研究旨在利用这些蛋白的多个表位设计一种重组嵌合蛋白(MEV-Fc)疫苗。 实验方法:对这些抗原进行免疫信息学预测以及辅助性T淋巴细胞(HTL)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)和B细胞表位的筛选。用得分显著高的表位和合适的接头设计多表位蛋白。然后添加天然佐剂以增强免疫原性。通过将人IgG1 Fc与多表位蛋白共价融合,创新性地提高了疫苗效力。为研究MEV-Fc疫苗如何与Toll样受体相互作用,采用分子对接、多尺度正常模式分析模拟以及计算免疫模拟来研究体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。 研究结果:结果证明了该疫苗的抗原性、稳定性和无毒性。结构验证证实了三维模型的准确性,表明其与TLR2和TLR4有强烈相互作用,结合自由能分别为-1269.9和-1128.7(千卡/摩尔)。免疫模拟结果显示,三次接种后IgM和IgG抗体水平显著升高,同时B细胞、辅助性T细胞和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞的活化增强。 结论与意义:这些发现为开发有效的皮肤利什曼病疫苗候选物提供了新见解。然而,需要进行实验室实验来评估其保护效果。
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