Starke Fiona, Houkes Inge, Sikora Alexandra, Wegewitz Uta, de Rijk Angelique
Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Division 3 Work and Health, Unit 3.5 Evidence-based Occupational Health, Workplace Health Management, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany.
Disabil Rehabil. 2025 Aug;47(17):4453-4466. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2447376. Epub 2025 Feb 6.
To examine the socio-demographic, health, treatment, organisation, job, and labour market characteristics of 484 German sick-listed employees diagnosed with a mental disorder (MD), along with gender differences.
This cross-sectional study used online baseline self-report data from sick-listed employees diagnosed with and treated for a MD, recruited as part of an evaluation trial for a return to work (RTW) intervention (DRKS00026232). Descriptives and -tests/chi-squared tests were performed.
Mean age was 42.6 years (range 20-60 years). Nearly 60% were female, 31% highly educated, and more than half fell into lower gross household income groups. Recurrent depression was a common diagnosis. The employees reported moderate depressive symptoms, low RTW self-efficacy, and poor work ability. Gradual RTW was rated the most common workplace accommodation need for RTW. Significant gender differences were found regarding socio-demographic, health, job, and labour market characteristics.
Despite the majority having permanent, fulltime, white-collar jobs, the results highlight the vulnerability of persons with a diagnosed MD in the labour market, suggesting an urgent need for more clinical and work-directed aftercare. Women seem more disadvantaged than men but not regarding treatment and organisation characteristics, emphasising the importance of addressing gender differences in mental health and practice.
研究484名被诊断患有精神障碍（MD）的德国病假员工的社会人口统计学、健康状况、治疗情况、组织情况、工作和劳动力市场特征，以及性别差异。
这项横断面研究使用了来自被诊断患有MD并接受治疗的病假员工的在线基线自我报告数据，这些员工是作为一项重返工作岗位（RTW）干预评估试验（DRKS00026232）的一部分招募的。进行了描述性统计和t检验/卡方检验。
平均年龄为42.6岁（范围20 - 60岁）。近60%为女性，31%受过高等教育，超过一半属于家庭总收入较低的群体。复发性抑郁症是常见诊断。员工报告有中度抑郁症状、较低的RTW自我效能感和较差的工作能力。逐步重返工作岗位被评为RTW最常见的工作场所适应需求。在社会人口统计学、健康状况、工作和劳动力市场特征方面发现了显著的性别差异。
尽管大多数人有长期、全职的白领工作，但结果凸显了被诊断患有MD的人在劳动力市场中的脆弱性，表明迫切需要更多的临床和工作导向的后续护理。女性似乎比男性处于更不利的地位，但在治疗和组织特征方面并非如此，这强调了在心理健康和实践中解决性别差异的重要性。
