Song Jingwen, Kawakami Kohsaku, Ariga Katsuhiko
Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan.
Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2025 May;339:103420. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2025.103420. Epub 2025 Feb 3.
The concept of nanoarchitectonics has emerged as a post-nanotechnology paradigm in the field of functional materials development. This concept entails the construction of functional material systems at the nanoscale, based on the knowledge acquired from nanotechnology. In biological systems, advanced nanoarchitectonics is achieved through precise structural organization governed by spatial localization, a process facilitated by localized assembly mechanisms. A thorough understanding of the principles of localized assembly is crucial for the creation of complex, asymmetric, hierarchical organizations that are similar in structure and function to living organisms. This review explores the concept of localized assembly, highlighting its biological inspiration, providing representative examples, and discussing its contributions to nanoarchitectonics. Key examples include assemblies using biological materials, those mimicking cellular functions, and those occurring within cells. Additionally, the role of interfacial interactions and liquid-liquid phase separation in localized assembly is emphasized. Particularly, the utilization of liquid-liquid phase separation demonstrates a remarkable capacity for forming intricate compartmentalized structures without discernible membranes, paving the way for multifunctional, localized systems. These localized assemblies are fundamental to essential biological functions and provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the origin of cells and life. Such understanding holds significant promise for advancing materials nanoarchitectonics, particularly in biomedical applications.
纳米结构学的概念已作为功能材料开发领域的后纳米技术范式而出现。这一概念需要基于从纳米技术中获得的知识，在纳米尺度上构建功能材料系统。在生物系统中，先进的纳米结构学是通过由空间定位控制的精确结构组织来实现的，这一过程由局部组装机制推动。深入理解局部组装的原理对于创建在结构和功能上与生物体相似的复杂、不对称、分层组织至关重要。本综述探讨了局部组装的概念，强调其生物学灵感，提供代表性实例，并讨论其对纳米结构学的贡献。关键实例包括使用生物材料的组装、模拟细胞功能的组装以及细胞内发生的组装。此外，还强调了界面相互作用和液 - 液相分离在局部组装中的作用。特别是，液 - 液相分离的利用显示出形成无明显膜的复杂分隔结构的显著能力，为多功能局部系统铺平了道路。这些局部组装对于基本生物学功能至关重要，并为细胞和生命起源的分子机制提供了有价值的见解。这种理解对于推进材料纳米结构学，特别是在生物医学应用中，具有重大前景。
