World Premier International (WPI) Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
Langmuir. 2013 Jul 9;29(27):8459-71. doi: 10.1021/la4006423. Epub 2013 Apr 19.
The exploration of nanostructures and nanomaterials is essential to the development of advanced functions. For such innovations, nanoarchitectonics has been proposed as a novel paradigm of nanotechnology aimed at assembling nanoscale structural units into predesigned configurations or arrangements. In this Feature Article, we provide an overview of several recent research works from the viewpoint of interfacial nanoarchitectonics with features developed in lateral directions or grown in vertical directions with construction on solid, static, or flexible dynamic surfaces. Lateral nanoarchitectonics at a static interface provides molecular organization by bottom-up nanoarchitectonics and can also be used to realize device integration by top-down nanoarchitectonics. In particular, in the latter case, the fabrication of novel devices, so-called atomic switches, are introduced as a demonstration of atomic-level electronics. Lateral nanoarchitectonics at dynamic interfaces is exemplified by 2D molecular patterning and molecular machine operation induced by macroscopic motion. The dynamic nature of interfaces enables us to operate molecular-sized machines by macroscopic mechanical stimuli such as our hand motion, which we refer to as hand-operated nanotechnology. Vertical nanoarchitectonics is mainly discussed in relation to layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. By using this technique, we can assemble a variety of functional materials in ultrathin film structures of defined thickness and layer sequence. The organization of biomolecules (or even living cells) within thin films and their integration with device structures is exemplified. Finally, the anticipated research directions of interfacial nanoarchitectonics are described.
纳米结构和纳米材料的探索对于先进功能的发展至关重要。为此，人们提出了纳米构筑学作为一种新的纳米技术范例，旨在将纳米尺度的结构单元组装成预定的构型或排列。在这篇专题文章中，我们从具有横向发展特征或在固体、静态或柔性动态表面上垂直生长特征的界面纳米构筑学的角度，对最近的几项研究工作进行了概述。静态界面的横向纳米构筑学通过自下而上的纳米构筑学提供分子组织，也可用于通过自上而下的纳米构筑学实现器件集成。特别是在后一种情况下，作为原子级电子学的演示，引入了新型器件，即原子开关的制造。宏观运动诱导的二维分子图案化和分子机器操作是动态界面横向纳米构筑学的实例。界面的动态特性使我们能够通过宏观机械刺激（如手部运动）来操作分子大小的机器，我们称之为手动纳米技术。垂直纳米构筑学主要与层层（LbL）组装有关。通过使用这种技术，我们可以在定义厚度和层序的超薄薄膜结构中组装各种功能材料。举例说明了薄膜内生物分子（甚至活细胞）的组织及其与器件结构的集成。最后，描述了界面纳米构筑学的预期研究方向。
