Nannou Christina, Maroulas Konstantinos N, Tsamtzidou Christina, Ladomenou Kalliopi, Kyzas George Z
Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-65404 Kavala, Greece.
Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-65404 Kavala, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Feb 25;966:178765. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178765. Epub 2025 Feb 8.
The extensive use of veterinary antibiotics worldwide has led to their increasing accumulation in aquatic environments, adversely affecting both ecosystems and human health and leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic residues enter water bodies primarily through wastewater effluent discharge, agricultural runoff, and improper disposal of pharmaceuticals. Several emerging technologies have been developed in response to the challenge of antibiotic contamination in wastewater. Among these, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including photocatalysis, have demonstrated significant potential for antibiotic degradation. Photocatalysis relies on the production of powerful oxidants to degrade pollutants under simulated or solar-light irradiation. Apart from the well-known TiO, various photocatalytic materials have been used with metal oxides on the frontline. In this context, metal doping has been used to reduce the bandgap energy and enhance the absorption of visible light and charge-carrier separation. Doping with non-metals and carbon-based materials is another attractive alternative that promotes better degradation efficiency and suppresses recombination. Moreover, advanced designs, such as heterojunction constructions, have been developed for effective charge separation and wider utilization of the light spectrum. This comprehensive review summarizes recent advances in the design, characterization, efficiency, and mechanisms of various photocatalysts for degrading veterinary antibiotics in wastewater, along with toxicity assessments of the resulting transformation products. By examining these parameters, the current body of knowledge is consolidated, providing valuable insights into wastewater purification processes for effective antibiotic removal. Finally, by emphasizing the critical environmental importance of streamlined photocatalysis and the challenges associated with scaling up the process, this review highlights its feasibility in mitigating veterinary antibiotic pollution, thereby safeguarding aquatic ecosystems and reducing the risks of antibiotic resistance.
全球范围内兽用抗生素的广泛使用导致其在水生环境中的积累不断增加，对生态系统和人类健康均产生不利影响，并导致抗生素耐药菌的出现。抗生素残留主要通过废水排放、农业径流以及药品的不当处置进入水体。针对废水中抗生素污染的挑战，已开发出多种新兴技术。其中，包括光催化在内的高级氧化工艺（AOPs）已显示出在抗生素降解方面的巨大潜力。光催化依靠在模拟或太阳光照射下产生强氧化剂来降解污染物。除了广为人知的TiO，各种光催化材料已与前沿的金属氧化物一起使用。在这种情况下，金属掺杂已被用于降低带隙能量、增强对可见光的吸收以及电荷载流子的分离。用非金属和碳基材料进行掺杂是另一种有吸引力的选择，可提高降解效率并抑制复合。此外，还开发了诸如异质结结构等先进设计，以实现有效的电荷分离和更广泛地利用光谱。这篇综述总结了各种用于降解废水中兽用抗生素的光催化剂在设计、表征、效率和作用机制方面的最新进展，以及对所得转化产物的毒性评估。通过研究这些参数，巩固了当前的知识体系，为有效去除抗生素的废水净化过程提供了有价值的见解。最后，通过强调简化光催化的关键环境重要性以及与扩大该过程相关的挑战，本综述突出了其在减轻兽用抗生素污染方面的可行性，从而保护水生生态系统并降低抗生素耐药性风险。
