Clerici Laura, Bottari Davide, Bottari Benedetta
Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2025 Feb 10;14(1):30. doi: 10.1007/s13668-025-00619-2.
This review explores the intricate relationships among the gut microbiota, dietary patterns, and mental health, focusing specifically on depression. It synthesizes insights from microbiological, nutritional, and neuroscientific perspectives to understand how the gut-brain axis influences mood and cognitive function.
Recent studies underscore the central role of gut microbiota in modulating neurological and psychological health via the gut-brain axis. Key findings highlight the importance of dietary components, including probiotics, prebiotics, and psychobiotics, in restoring microbial balance and enhancing mood regulation. Different dietary patterns exhibit a profound impact on gut microbiota composition, suggesting their potential as complementary strategies for mental health support. Furthermore, mechanisms like tryptophan metabolism, the HPA axis, and microbial metabolites such as SCFAs are implicated in linking diet and microbiota to depression. Clinical trials show promising effects of probiotics in alleviating depressive symptoms. This review illuminates the potential of diet-based interventions targeting the gut microbiota to mitigate depression and improve mental health. While the interplay between microbial diversity, diet, and brain function offers promising therapeutic avenues, further clinical research is needed to validate these findings and establish robust, individualized treatment strategies.
本综述探讨肠道微生物群、饮食模式和心理健康之间的复杂关系，特别关注抑郁症。它综合了微生物学、营养学和神经科学方面的见解，以了解肠-脑轴如何影响情绪和认知功能。
最近的研究强调了肠道微生物群通过肠-脑轴调节神经和心理健康的核心作用。主要发现突出了膳食成分（包括益生菌、益生元、合生元）在恢复微生物平衡和增强情绪调节方面的重要性。不同的饮食模式对肠道微生物群组成有深远影响，表明它们作为心理健康支持补充策略的潜力。此外，色氨酸代谢、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴以及短链脂肪酸（SCFA）等微生物代谢产物等机制参与了饮食和微生物群与抑郁症之间的联系。临床试验显示益生菌在减轻抑郁症状方面有前景良好的效果。本综述阐明了针对肠道微生物群的饮食干预措施在减轻抑郁症和改善心理健康方面的潜力。虽然微生物多样性、饮食和脑功能之间的相互作用提供了有前景的治疗途径，但需要进一步的临床研究来验证这些发现并建立强有力的个体化治疗策略。
