户外玩耍对儿童身体成分和体能的影响：日本环境与儿童研究中的山梨辅助研究
Effects of outdoor play on body composition and physical performance in children: the Yamanashi Adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study.
作者信息
Wako Masanori, Fujimaki Taro, Ichikawa Jiro, Koyama Kensuke, Shinohara Ryoji, Otawa Sanae, Kobayashi Anna, Horiuchi Sayaka, Kushima Megumi, Yamagata Zentaro, Haro Hirotaka
机构信息
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nirasaki City Hospital, Honmachi, Nirasaki-shi, Yamanashi, Japan.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 10;20(2):e0317925. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317925. eCollection 2025.
INTRODUCTION
Childhood is a pivotal developmental stage that substantially affects lifelong habits. Recent research has emphasized the vital role of outdoor play in children's mental and physical well-being. Despite the World Health Organization recommending 1 hour of daily physical activity for children, a knowledge gap exists regarding the specific link between children's physical performance, body composition (evaluated through bioelectrical impedance analysis [BIA]), and outdoor play habits.
METHODS
Utilizing data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a national birth cohort study, this study included 494 eight-year-old participants. The assessment included body composition (height, weight, body fat percentage, predicted muscle weight, and phase angle using BIA) and physical performance (50 m sprint, standing long jump, 20 m shuttle run, and handgrip strength). Parents provided information on children's outdoor playtime.
RESULTS
The group with more outdoor play demonstrated superior sports test results, particularly among boys. Girls engaged in increased outdoor play exhibited higher predicted muscle weights, whereas boys showed greater phase angles in the lower limbs. Handgrip strength correlated with phase angle and predicted muscle weight. Notably, the association between body composition and sports test results was more pronounced in boys than in girls, with phase angles exhibiting stronger links to running and jumping.
CONCLUSION
This pioneering study explored the relationship between outdoor play, body composition, and physical performance in children. Outdoor play positively correlated with improved sports performance, revealing sex disparities in body composition changes. Unlike previous studies focusing on general physical development, this study scrutinized specific physical functions, uncovering correlations between phase angle and muscle quality. Findings suggest that outdoor play positively impacts muscle quality, especially in boys, contributing to enhanced physical performance in children. Understanding these effects on body composition and physical activity is imperative for promoting children's health.
引言
童年是一个关键的发育阶段，对终身习惯有着重大影响。最近的研究强调了户外玩耍在儿童身心健康中的重要作用。尽管世界卫生组织建议儿童每天进行1小时的体育活动，但在儿童身体表现、身体成分（通过生物电阻抗分析[BIA]评估）与户外玩耍习惯之间的具体联系方面，仍存在知识空白。
方法
本研究利用日本环境与儿童研究（一项全国性出生队列研究）的数据，纳入了494名8岁参与者。评估内容包括身体成分（身高、体重、体脂百分比、预测肌肉重量以及使用BIA测量的相位角）和身体表现（50米短跑、立定跳远、20米折返跑和握力）。父母提供了孩子户外玩耍时间的信息。
结果
户外玩耍时间较多的组在体育测试中表现更优，尤其是在男孩中。户外玩耍时间增加的女孩预测肌肉重量更高，而男孩下肢的相位角更大。握力与相位角和预测肌肉重量相关。值得注意的是，身体成分与体育测试结果之间的关联在男孩中比在女孩中更为明显，相位角与跑步和跳跃的联系更强。
结论
这项开创性研究探讨了儿童户外玩耍、身体成分和身体表现之间的关系。户外玩耍与运动表现的改善呈正相关，揭示了身体成分变化中的性别差异。与以往关注一般身体发育的研究不同，本研究仔细研究了特定的身体功能，发现了相位角与肌肉质量之间的相关性。研究结果表明，户外玩耍对肌肉质量有积极影响，尤其是对男孩，有助于提高儿童的身体表现。了解这些对身体成分和体育活动的影响对于促进儿童健康至关重要。
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