Belay Denekew Bitew, Mulat Seniat, Birhan Nigussie Adam, Chen Ding-Geng
Department of Statistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 10;20(2):e0316795. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316795. eCollection 2025.
Antenatal care (ANC) contacts, along with enhanced health facilities for delivery, are essential components of maternal and child healthcare, as these significantly contribute to both mothers and their newborn child's health. Antennal care contacts primarily help women maintain normal pregnancies by detecting pre-existing conditions and preventing complications that may arise during childbirth. This study intended to determine possible factors that affect both ANC contact and place of delivery among women in Ethiopia.
The 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey data were used for this study. A total weighted sample of 3,926 women nested within 68 zones was used. The bivariate multilevel logistic regression model was utilized to assess the association between antenatal care contact and place of delivery and determinant factors among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia.
In this study, 57% and 47.5% of women had no ANC contacts and home delivery respectively. Similarly, about 36.73% of women delivered at home and didn't utilize the recommended ANC contacts. Only 32.99% of women have both health facility delivery and at least four ANC contacts during their pregnancy. Women who reside in rural areas were 0.612 and 0.352 times less likely to have ANC and health facility delivery compared to women who reside in urban areas. Whereas, the estimated odds of women with higher education levels were 3.803 and 8.406 times the estimated odds of women with no education.
A high proportion of women are still delivering their new child at home and still don't have at least four ANC contacts during their pregnancy. Women's age, women education level, marital status, wealth status, sex of household head, place of residence, and region were significant predictors of antenatal care visits and place of delivery simultaneously in Ethiopia. Although the country tried to maximize these services, it still requires expansion of health facilities media campaigns, and women's literacy to reduce maternal and newborn child mortality in Ethiopia.
产前检查（ANC）以及强化的分娩医疗设施是母婴保健的重要组成部分，因为它们对母亲及其新生儿的健康有显著贡献。产前检查主要通过检测既往存在的状况并预防分娩期间可能出现的并发症，帮助女性维持正常妊娠。本研究旨在确定影响埃塞俄比亚女性产前检查及分娩地点的可能因素。
本研究使用了2019年埃塞俄比亚小型人口与健康调查数据。采用了嵌套在68个区的3926名女性的总加权样本。运用双变量多水平逻辑回归模型来评估埃塞俄比亚育龄女性产前检查与分娩地点及决定因素之间的关联。
在本研究中，分别有57%和47.5%的女性未进行产前检查且在家分娩。同样，约36.73%的女性在家分娩且未进行推荐的产前检查。只有32.99%的女性在孕期既在医疗机构分娩又至少进行了四次产前检查。与居住在城市地区的女性相比，居住在农村地区的女性进行产前检查和在医疗机构分娩的可能性分别低0.612倍和0.352倍。然而，受过高等教育的女性的估计几率是未受过教育的女性估计几率的3.803倍和8.406倍。
仍有很大比例的女性在家分娩，且孕期仍未至少进行四次产前检查。在埃塞俄比亚，女性的年龄、教育水平、婚姻状况、财富状况、户主性别、居住地点和地区是产前检查就诊次数和分娩地点的重要同时预测因素。尽管该国试图最大限度地提供这些服务，但仍需要扩大医疗设施、开展媒体宣传活动并提高女性识字率，以降低埃塞俄比亚的孕产妇和新生儿死亡率。
