Sultana Hasina, Alakeel Khaled A, Hassan Jahidul, Mallick Sharmila Rani, Zakaria Mohammad, Kayesh Emrul, Gomasta Joydeb, Zubayer Md, Billah Muhammad Mustakim, Ozaki Yukio, Alfagham Alanoud T, Alamri Saud
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Advanced Agricultural & Food Technologies Institute, Sustainability and Environment Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O.Box. 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 10;15(1):4867. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-88694-x.
The rising demand for health promoting functional foods has sparked interest in diversifying diets by incorporating innovative items like edible flowers. Considering this, the nutritional composition, bioactive properties and antinutritional factors of the flowers of eight marigold genotypes (M to M) were quantified and compared to elucidate their value and safety as functional food. The study outcomes highlighted significant differences among the genotypes for most of the attributes. Anthocyanin, carotenoid and lutein contents were observed within a range of 0.02 to1.90 mg/100 g, 5.02 to 11.08 mg/100 g and 0.19 to 9.78 µg/g, respectively. The content of sugars, β-carotene, vitamins (C and E) and minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron) were also found to be present in substantial amounts. The analysis of bioactive compounds revealed the richness in total phenolic (TPC) (428.58 to 592.71 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g) and flavonoid content (TFC) (135.06 to 233.39 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g). Among the assessed antinutrients, alkaloid, tannin and saponin exceeded permissible limits in the studied genotypes, while phytate remained within the safe range. However, the elevated levels of these antinutrients would not pose any problem if processed through methods such as soaking, boiling or cooking. Out of eight genotypes, M had the highest content of anthocyanin (1.90 mg /100 g), reducing sugar (21.63 mg/100 g), and antioxidant activities. M stood out with the highest levels of TSS (6.10 °Brix), β-carotene (0.50 mg/100 g), vitamin C (28.61 mg/100 g), Ca (225.33 mg/100 g), and TPC (592.71 mg GAE/100 g), while M contained significant amounts of carotenoids (11.08 mg/100 g) and TFC (232.41 mg QE/100 g). Principal component analysis and cluster dendrogram findings further confirmed that among the eight studied genotypes, M, M and M genotypes were found as the most prominent with the remarkable contributions of the majority of the studied variables. Hence, these marigold genotypes could be considered as promising options to improve and diversify healthy diets, potentially serving as valuable sources of dietary supplements and functional food ingredients.
对促进健康的功能性食品的需求不断增加，引发了人们对通过纳入可食用花卉等创新食品来使饮食多样化的兴趣。考虑到这一点，对八种万寿菊基因型（M1至M8）花朵的营养成分、生物活性特性和抗营养因子进行了量化和比较，以阐明它们作为功能性食品的价值和安全性。研究结果突出了大多数属性在基因型之间的显著差异。花青素、类胡萝卜素和叶黄素含量分别在0.02至1.90毫克/100克、5.02至11.08毫克/100克和0.19至9.78微克/克的范围内。还发现糖、β-胡萝卜素、维生素（C和E）和矿物质（钠、钾、钙、镁和铁）的含量也相当可观。生物活性化合物分析显示总酚（TPC）含量丰富（428.58至592.71毫克没食子酸当量（GAE）/100克）和类黄酮含量（TFC）（135.06至233.39毫克槲皮素当量（QE）/100克）。在所评估的抗营养物质中，生物碱、单宁和皂苷在所研究的基因型中超过了允许限度，而植酸盐仍在安全范围内。然而，如果通过浸泡、煮沸或烹饪等方法加工，这些抗营养物质的升高水平不会造成任何问题。在八种基因型中，M3的花青素含量最高（1.90毫克/100克）、还原糖含量最高（21.63毫克/100克）以及抗氧化活性最高。M5的总可溶性固形物（TSS）含量最高（6.10°Brix）、β-胡萝卜素含量最高（0.50毫克/100克）、维生素C含量最高（28.61毫克/100克）、钙含量最高（225.33毫克/100克）以及TPC含量最高（592.71毫克GAE/100克），而M6含有大量类胡萝卜素（11.08毫克/100克）和TFC（232.41毫克QE/100克）。主成分分析和聚类树状图结果进一步证实，在八种研究的基因型中，M3、M5和M6基因型最为突出，大多数研究变量都有显著贡献。因此，这些万寿菊基因型可被视为改善和丰富健康饮食的有前途的选择，有可能成为有价值的膳食补充剂和功能性食品成分来源。
